1. Introducing

2. What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an Ecosystem?
Essential Question
What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an Ecosystem?

3. Unit Essential Question: How do organisms interact with each other the abiotic factors within the area that they live? In which direction does energy flow within the system? What happens when the flow of energy is interrupted? What happens when non-native species are introduced into an area?
Lesson Essential Questions: 1. What is an ecosystem?
2. Where does the energy come from within an ecosystem?
3. How does the energy flow within an ecosystem?
Lesson Essential Questions:
1. In what ways can species interact with each other?
2. What is symbiosis? Define the four major types.
1. What happens when chemicals naturally leach into systems?
2. What happens when humans introduce chemicals into the environment?
1. What happens when an ecosystem is affect by fire or other major geologic/weather event?
2. How might the ecosystem change?
3. What happens when humans introduce a new species into an area?

4. What is Ecology?
Branch of biology that studies the environment and the interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.

5. Biosphere Part of the earth that supports all life.
Extends from high in atmosphere to bottom of the oceans.
Includes a wide range of climates – which helps to determine biomes

6. Ecosystem Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
the living parts of an ecosystem
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

7. Bio Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms
Bio = life; ology = study of

8. Examples of Biotic Factors

9. Abiotic Factors A
include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun)
a, an prefix not, without

10. Examples of Abiotic Factors

11. Examples of Ecosystems
Coral Reef in Belize
Mountains in Colorado
Arizona Desert

12. Ecosystems Biotic Abiotic
do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes
can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another
Biotic
Abiotic
migration, seed dispersal
flood, erosion, drought

13. Biotic Factors interact with each other in complex ways
parasitism mutualism competition
such as
also interact with abiotic factors in the ecosystem
dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light
such as

14. organ system Levels of Organization within an ecosystem biome
large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems
group of different kinds of tissues working together
group of organs working together
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
one individual living thing
group of similar cells organized to work together
smallest unit of living things
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
tissue
cell

15. Niche vs. Habitat Niche Habitat
All the strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment
How it gets its food, shelter, how and where it survives
Is the place where an organism lives out its life
A lawn, bottom of the stream, or oak tree

16. Symbiotic Relationships
The living together of two or more organisms of different species within a close area.

17. Types of symbiotic relationships
Competition – interaction that affects both species negatively
Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed
Mutualism – both species benefit
Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed.

18. Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed
EXAMPLES
Barnacle and the whale
Remora and the shark
Silverfish and ants
Hermit crab and snail shell
Cowbird and buffalo

19. Mutualism – both species benefit
Examples
Bee and maribou stork
Yucca plant and yucca moth
Badger and honey guide bird
Ostrich and gazelle
Oxpecker and rhino
Wrasse fish and sea bass
Mutualism – both species benefit

20. Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed.
EXAMPLES
Mistletoe and spruce
Cuckoo and warbler
Mouse and flea
Deer and tick

21. BOOK WORK! Section 2.1 Q’s p. 37 Problem solving 1-5
p. 38 Reading Check Question
p. 42 Reading check question
p. 45 Section Assessment Q’s 1-5

22. Energy Within the System
LEQ & WARM UP: How does energy flow within an ecosystem?

23. How do things interact?? Food Chains
Trophic Levels
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer

24. What is a Trophic Level?
The feeding step in a food chain in the passage of energy and materials

25. Food Chains – trophic levels
THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY!
Producers- uses the sun to make food
Consumers- Consumes other living things for energy; Scavenger- feeds on dead animals
Decomposer- mainly bacteria that speed up the decomposition of everything

26. How do things interact?? Food Chains
Trophic Levels
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer

27. Work with your group to construct your own food Chain
What comes first?
What will eat the organisms at the first level?
Which trophic Level comes next?
Which animal would fit best?
Be sure to have your food chain checked! You can earn a stamp!

28. Food Webs and Energy within the system

29. Activity
Now try making a food web… we are going to add the arrows to the food web you started yesterday in class.
We will now go over what eats what so that you can draw your lines with arrows.
Arrows are drawn from the organism that is being eaten.

30. Food Web- ALL of the individual food chains in an ecosystem

31. What Eats What? Rabbits eat seeds, grains, grass, hay
Squirrels mainly eat nuts from trees, and bird seed
Seed eating birds eat seeds
Caterpillars eat leaves and other plants, butterflies will eat nectar from flowers
Mice will eat seeds, grass, hay and sometimes insects.

32. What Eats What? Predacious insects eat other insects
Toads/frogs eat insects, and depending on the size of the toad, they will go after just about anything that moves and can fit in their mouth
Insect eating birds eat insects
Snakes eat birds, bird eggs, toads, baby rabbits, mice, rats
Spiders eat insects and depending on their size, birds and frogs/toads, fish

33. What Eats What?
Hawks eat meat. They will eat other birds, mice, small rabbits, snakes, toads, squirrels, small foxes
Owls generally eat mice and other small nocturnal rodents, but on occasion will eat frogs and snakes.
Foxes are opportunistic. They will eat just about anything.

34. Is your food web finished?
Stamps will be given for finishing your food web. On this paper alone, you will have 3 stamps total. (If you completed all the work in a timely manner yesterday)

35. Energy within the system
Energy flows from trophic level to trophic level as organisms are being eaten.
There is more energy at the bottom of the energy pyramid, because producers receive most of the sun’s energy.
There will be more producers than consumers as you move your way up the food chain/web

36. How does Energy in a System Flow?
10% of the energy moves on, 90% is used for metabolic functions
.01%
.1% 1%
10%
100%
Energy comes from the sun

37. Why do you think that there is fewer consumers as you move up the trophic levels?
Plants will receive almost 100% of the sun’s energy and so there will always be a greater number of producers than consumers.
Less energy is passed from level to level, and so there is fewer consumers as you move up.

38. Complete the three worksheets from the book
Complete the three worksheets from the book. Then create the foldable on page 46 in the book. Follow the directions, turn in all completed work.