1. Cell Structure & Function

2. A Little History
1600’s – cork cells – Robert Hooke

3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek-1600’s
Observed “animalcules”

4. Anton’s Words
. . . my work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a craving after knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therewithal, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek. Letter of June 12, 1716

5. Matthias Schleiden – 1800’s
Plant Biologist – started as lawyer
Father of cell theory
One of first German
scientists to accept
Darwin’s theory of
Evolution

6. Theodor Schwann -1800’s Medicine – physiology Met with Schleiden
Helped with cell
theory after realizing that nucleus was in both plant and animal cells

7. Rudolf Virchow – 1800’s
Studied cell division
Completed cell theory

8. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

9. Janet Plowe – 1900’s
Showed that the cell membrane is an actual structure

10. George Langford - now
Studied movement of vesicles along the cytoskeleton
Both myosin tubules and actin filaments

11. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

12. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

13. Sizes of cells (Click)

14. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

15. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

16. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

17. “Typical” Animal Cell

18. “Typical” Plant Cell

19. Structures/Organelles
Cell Parts
Structures/Organelles

20. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

21. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

22. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic
material - DNA

23. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow
material to enter
and leave
nucleus

24. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

25. Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Contains RNA to build proteins

26. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture filled with proteins
Surrounded by cell membrane

27. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
ribosomes embedded in surface
New proteins are twisted and folded

28. Smooth Endoplas-mic Reticulum
No ribosomes
Synthesize
lipids
Site for
enzyme action
Storage of
enzymes

29. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ER & floating throughout the cell

30. Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking
down fats &
carbohydrates
Controls level of water
& other materials in cell
Recycles and
decomposes proteins,
fats, and carbohydrates

31. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

32. Cytoskeleton Composed of proteins Movement of vesicles
Support for cell
Cilia, flagellae, cell division

33. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

34. Peroxisome Oxidative enzymes - catalase Self- replicating
Do not form at
Golgi Body
Rid body of
toxins such as
hydrogen
peroxide

35. Vacuoles – vesicles
Digestion
Secretion
Transport
Water - vacuole

36. Vacuoles – in Plants
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

37. Chloroplast - Plant Where photosynthesis takes place Contains
chlorophyll
Found in
plants,
protists

38. Centrosome/Centrioles - Animal
Involved in cell division – formation of spindle
Microtubule Organizing Center