1. An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict
The Roaring 20’s
An era of prosperity,
Republican power,
and conflict

2. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time
for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

3. Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line
Age of the Automobile
Ailing Agriculture…

4. an agricultural depression in early 1920's contributed to urban migration
U.S. farmers lost markets in postwar Europe
Farm efficiency increased producing more food with fewer laborers
(more food = lower prices)
Farmers made less $, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
So American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

5. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery
boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop
white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

6. Great Migration
Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
within these ghettoes (ethnic neighborhood) a distinct Black culture flourished
But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

7. Black Nationalism
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
promoted Black pride
advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investors: gov't charged him with fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

8. Republican Power President Harding Elected 1920 Legacy of Scandals
“Teapot Dome”
Died in office

9. President Coolidge “The business of America is business.”
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
No help for farmers
Foreign Policy

10. Consumer Economy

11. Culture of the Roaring 20’s
Radio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
“Talkies”
The Jazz Singer
Starring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford
“America’s Sweetheart”

12. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St. Louis
Jack Dempsey

13. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Writers Musicians make up
cigarettes
short skirts
Writers
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Musicians
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington

14. Changing Role of Women
th Amendment gave women the federal vote
women worked outside the home (led to more independence)
more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt
characterized by the FLAPPER "new woman"
(bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

15. A Society in Conflict Xenophobia: Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
National Origins Act
Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
Italian immigrants
Unfair trial

16. Nativism and Xenophobia
New immigrants: originating from Southern & Eastern Europe different religious beliefs appeared: Jewish, Orthodox Christian, Catholic
Old immigrants: originating from Northern and Western Europe in 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
this fear was known as NATIVISM:
wanted Congress to pass a quota
system that favored Northern
Europeans over S and E Europe
Xenophobia: fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of communism post-Bolshevik Revolution)
basic communism advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers. - feared this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

17. Pres. Wilson was recovering from a stroke
Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to run for the presidency (he used fear of immigrants and communism to his advantage)
he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

18. The Ku Klux Klan In power Great increase Anti-black Anti-immigrant
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers

19. High School Biology teacher
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Evolution vs. Creationism
Science vs. Religion
Famous Lawyers
Dayton, Tennessee
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher

20. Prohibition Volstead Act untouchables Gangsters 18th Amendment
Al Capone

21. PROHIBITION - on manufacture and sale of alcohol (Not consumption)
18th AMENDMENT (adopted in 1919, begins January 1920)
During WWI, temperance became a patriotic movement:
a. Beer used grains needed for food
b. drunkenness caused inefficiency & low productivity
difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 with the 21st Amendment
forced organized crime to pursue other interests…