1. The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and Elizabeth I
Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head. In 1521 Henry VIII published a book A Defense Of The Seven Sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith."

2. King Henry VII

3. Margaret Tudor [to Scotland], Henry VIII’s Sister

4. Arthur, Prince of Wales [1500]
Young Henry VIII

5. Young Catherine of Aragon

6. Henry VIII [r ]

7. Stained Glass Window of Catherine of Aragon

8. Mary I [28 years old]

9. Henry VIII’s CHildren
1510 Daughter - died 1511 Son - died 1513 Son - died 1514 Son - died 1516 Mary - survived 1518 Daughter - died 1533 Elizabeth - survived 1534 Son - died 1535 unknown - died 1536 Son - died 1537 Edward - survived

10. Henry Fitzroy (1519-36), Duke of Richmond (1525): Illegitimate Son of Henry VIII

11. #1--Catherine of Aragon [1485-1536]

12. Henry VIII

13. The Henrician Reformation
Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child- Mary.
Catherine was in her early 40s
Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21
He fancied Anne Boleyn
C V (HRE) influenced Clement
NO ANNULMENT

14. Henrician Reformation
The Reformation Parliament ( ) and the twisting of the Papal arm
Charged English Clergy with praemunire
"Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531)
Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532)
Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533)
January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533.

15. Henrician Reformation
1534 Act of Supremacy stated simply that the English Monarch (in this case H8) was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”

18. #2--Anne Boleyn [ ]

19. Anne Boleyn Miniature

20. Queen Elizabeth I [1546]

21. Tower of London from the Air

22. Tower of London: The Bloody Tower

23. Tower Green [Where Anne Boleyn was Executed]

24. #3--Jane Seymour [ ]

25. “Baby” Edward VI

26. Henry VIII’s Family

27. Henry VIII Medallion: Head of the Church of England

28. Henry VIII

29. #4--Anne of Cleves [ ]

30. Anne of Cleves

31. Anne of Cleves Miniature
Henry referred to Anne as “The mare of Flanders” and the union was over with very quickly. Hans Holbein, who painted and delivered the portrait of Anne to Henry was fired.

32. Henry VIII at Middle Age

33. #5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542]

34. Katherine Howard

35. Hampton Court [Where Katherine Howard Was Arrested]

36. #6--Katherine Parr [ ]

37. “Prayers and Meditations” authored by Katherine Parr

38. Katherine Parr

39. Henry’s Deathbed

40. Edward VI

41. Edward VI [r ]

42. The Edwardian Reformation
Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more concrete changes in English Church doctrine
Cranmer introduces the Book of Common Prayer (1549) (: /)
The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.)
All images in churches to be dismantled
Celibacy no longer required by clergy
Lady Jane Gray named as heir

43. “Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553
Lady Jane Grey
“Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553

44. Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” [r. 1553 – 1558]

45. Philip II & Mary Tudor

46. The Marian, or, Catholic Reaction/Restoration
1st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed.
Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate)
Married Philip II of Spain
All who were found guilty of heresy were executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs)
Mary dies, 1558, childless

47. Elizabeth I, Queen at last!r

48. Sir William Cecil

49. Queen Elizabeth I [ ]

50. Elizabeth I [1572]

51. Elizabeth I [1572]

52. Elizabeth I [1572]

53. Elizabeth I [1572]

54. Elizabeth I [1580]

55. Elizabeth I [1592]

56. Elizabeth I [1592]

57. Elizabeth I [1600]

58. Elizabeth I [1603]

59. Elizabethan Reformation
Religion was number one problem
Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since the RCC considered her illegitimate.
She had witnessed the turmoil brought about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms.
1559 Reformation Bill
Too harsh- does not pass
1558 Act of Supremacy
1558 Act of Uniformity

60. Foreign
Policy
Problems

61. Map of the Spanish Armada Route

62. Mary of Scotland’s Parents
James V of Scotland
Mary of Guise

63. Young Mary Stuart

64. Mary, Queen of Scots

65. Mary Stuart in Captivity

66. Mary, Queen of Scots [Before Her Execution]

67. Execution of Mary of Scotland

68. Miniature of James I / VI

69. James I [r ]