1. Assessment and Evaluation
Chapter 6
Assessment and Evaluation

2. Perspective on Assessment and Evaluation
Importance of Assessment and Evaluation
Sorting Function of Schools
Grade-for-Work Exchange
Importance of Grades to Parents
Key Assessment and Evaluation Concepts
Assessment
Evaluation
Information Quality

3. Reliability, Validity, and Fairness of a Measurement (Figure 6.1)

4. Check, Extend, Explore Perspective on Assessment and Evaluation
Why is assessment and evaluation of students such an important aspect of a teacher’s work?
What is meant by the “grade-for-work” exchange?

5. Check, Extend, Explore Perspective on Assessment and Evaluation (cont
Contrast the terms assessment and evaluation as they pertain to classroom teaching.
What are the meanings of the terms reliability,validity, and fairness?

6. Theoretical and Empirical Support
Effects of Grades and Testing on Students
Are Grades an Incentive?
Complexity of the Influence of Grades
Effect of Testing
Teacher Bias in Assessment and Grading

7. Check, Extend, Explore Theoretical and Empirical Support
In what ways have grades been shown to increase student performance? Why is overemphasis on the extrinsic grade reward system possibly a disadvantage?
What subjective criteria have been shown to influence teachers when judging student work?

8. Statewide and Schoolwide Assessment Programs
Statewide and Schoolwide Use of Standardized Tests
Nature of Standardized Tests
Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Approaches
Communication of Standardized Test Results

9. Comparison of Information on Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests (Figure 6.3)

10. Check, Extend, Explore Statewide and Schoolwide Assessment Programs
How have state testing programs impacted the curriculum and the way teachers teach?
How do norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests differ? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

11. Check, Extend, Explore Statewide and Schoolwide Assessment Programs (cont.)
Why is it important that teachers have a thorough understanding of standardized testing methods?

12. Check, Extend, Explore Statewide and Schoolwide Assessment Programs (cont.)
What are the characteristics and advantages of an objective test? Disadvantages?

13. A Teacher’s Assessment Program
Diagnosing Prior Knowledge
Providing Corrective Feedback
Testing for Summative Evaluation and Reporting
A Special Case of Using Assessment Information to Diagnose Students with Disabilities

14. Check, Extend, Explore A Teacher’s Assessment Program
What are the three major purposes of a teacher’s own classroom assessment program?
What methods and tools do teachers use to assess a student’s prior knowledge?
What methods and tools do teachers use to assess students with disabilities?

15. Check, Extend, Explore A Teacher’s Assessment Program
In what situations is corrective feedback most effective?
Why is the reporting of grades such a critical responsibility of a teacher?

16. Specifics of Testing and Grading
General Principles
Assess All Instructional Objectives
Cover All Cognitive Domains
Use Appropriate Test Items
Make Tests Valid, Reliable, and Fair
Use Tests to Improve Learning

17. Specifics of Testing and Grading (cont.)
Test Construction and Use
Planning the Test
Making the Test
Constructing and Scoring Objective Tests
True-False Items
Matching
Fill-in-the-Blanks
Multiple Choice
Constructing and Scoring Essay Tests
Giving the Test

18. Specifics of Testing and Grading (cont.)
Summary Guidelines for Testing and Grading
Test at All Levels
Communicate Clearly to Students What They Will Be Tested On
Use Multiple Measures
Test Frequently
Make Grading Procedures Explicit

19. Check, Extend, Explore Specifics of Testing and Grading
What are the major guidelines that teachers should follow when they construct tests?
What purposes are served by a “test blueprint”?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of objective tests? Of essay tests?

20. Check, Extend, Explore Specifics of Testing and Grading (cont.)
What can be done by teachers to create an encouraging and stress-free test-taking environment?
Contrast grading on a curve and grading to criterion.

21. A Look to the Future of Testing and Grading
Assessing Performance
Authentic Assessment
Designing and Scoring Performance and Authentic Assessments
Student Portfolios and Narrative Descriptions

22. A Look to the Future of Testing and Grading (cont.)
Assessing Group Effort and Individually Contracted Work
Experimenting with New Approaches
Assessment Bill of Rights

23. The Learning Experiences Form (Figure 6.7)

24. Check, Extend, Explore A Look to the Future of Testing and Grading
What are some of the controversies of testing? What solutions can be considered to remedy these problems?
How do performance assessments and authentic assessments differ? How do they differ from standardized testing methods?

25. Check, Extend, Explore A Look to the Future of Testing and Grading (cont.)
What is a student portfolio? How can it be used in a teacher’s assessment program?
What are the primary ideas behind the “Assessment Bill of Rights” developed by Wiggins?