1. India 1 300 km Karnataka Kodagu The Western Ghats of India
Virajpet
Madikeri
Somwarpet 40
Protected area
Coffee cultivation
Sacred groves
Study area
Figure 1 – The study area in the southern part of Kodagu district, Virajpet taluk, in the Western Ghats of India.

2. Figure 2 – Sampling design: A hypothetical sampling locality with a base line running across the patch and the framework
of transects placed at random points along the base line, on a randomly chosen side.

3. 10
Kilometres
Legend
Protected area
Paddy fields
Sacred groves
Tree-covered land uses including coffee plantations
Sampling localities
Virajpet
Gonikoppa
Ponnampet
Srimangala 9 31 56 55
30, 47 28
29, 48, 49, 50 3 16
17, 18, 41, 42 23 15 21 33
22, 43, 44 20 19 13 14 40 39 25
24, 26, 45
4, 5 32
27, 46
12, 38
34, 35, 57, 58
11, 36, 37
1, 2
53, 54
51, 52 8 7 6
Figure 3 – Landscape map prepared in MapInfo after digitising 42 village land survey maps (scale 1:7920) in one layer. The 58 sampling localities are numbered on the map; 1-10: protected area localities, 11-35: sacred groves, and coffee plantations.

4. For all groups in the diagram
Mean and standard deviation
of values of dependent variable
Percentage frequency distribution of values of independent variable for the group
Number of observations in a group
For all groups in the diagram
Dependent variable
Woody Plant Diversity
Independent variables
Significance value of independent variable
Range of values of independent variable for a group of observations
Figure 4 – Interpretation of a hypothetical CHAID diagram

5. Coffee
plantations
n = 162 96
Protected area
n = 134
Sacred groves
n = 167 24 19 20 5 37 14
n = 70 34
n = 39
n = 75 10 12 1 25 4
n = 86 64
n = 97
n = 142 6 49 11 18 A C B
Figure 5 – Numbers of unique and shared species of (A) trees (≥ 10 cm dbh), (B) birds and (C) mushrooms.