2. ECOSYSTEM-defined
Ecosystems are a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro- organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit
- Convention on Biological Diversity (2003). Article 2. Use of Terms
Ecosystem may be identified at different spatial scales and are commonly nested and overlapping. Consequently, for accounting purposes, ecosystem assets are defined through the delineation of specific and mutually exclusive spatial areas

4. DETERIORATING CONDITION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
CORAL REEF
ECOSYSTEM
SEAGRASS
ECOSYSTEM

5. Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan
SP Technical Working Group
02 February 2017

6. PULOT WATERSHED Carbon sequestration $ Sediment retention
Water regulation
Crop Production $
Fishery production $

7. Southern Palawan Accounts
Sofronio Espanola
Pulot Watershed
LAND ACCOUNT
Land cover class for 2003, 2010, 2014
Land cover change matrices
CARBON ACCOUNT
Carbon sequestration, carbon stock, and changes in stocks for 2003,2010, and 2014
ECOSYSTEM CONDITION ACCOUNT
Pollution loading: heavy metal concentration, TSS
Coastal condition: Coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove condition
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE SUPPLY AND USE ACCOUNT
Crop production: rice, corn, coconut and oil palm
Water regulation by forest
Fishery production
ECOSYSTEM ASSET ACCOUNT
NPV Cropland: Irrigated paddy fields and coconut plantations

8. Key Findings 1: Land Cover Change in Southern Palawan
Closed Forest
Open Forest
Perennial Crop
2003
2010
2014
Key Findings 1: Land Cover Change in Southern Palawan
The Land Cover account points to the major deforestation that took place in the period 2003 – 2010, when the closed forest cover decreased from some 130,000 ha to around 28,000 ha.
The loss of closed forest cover seems to have halted in the period , when there was an increase from 28,000 to 33,000 ha.
The Land cover account also show the large growth in plantation crops, in particular coconut and oil palm plantations.

9. Key Findings 2: Southern Palawan Forests can contribute to mitigating Climate Change because they act as carbon sink
Carbon stock decreased between from16 million ton C to 9.2 million ton C
Carbon stock increased between from 9.2 million ton C to 9.4 million ton C
Carbon sequestration service is million ton CO2 in 2014 valued at PHP2.59 Billion
(The methodology has been applied at the national scale by FMB)

10. Key Findings 3: Water Provisioning and Sediment Retention Services Accounting Unit: Pulot Watershed
Pulot watershed provides water to the ha irrigation scheme (deficit with 40% not irrigated)
Sedimentation is clogging up the irrigation reservoir (loss in forest would result to 745 KiloTon of sediments; 20% reduction in rice production)

11. Key Findings 4: Contribution of ecosystems to crop production
Analyzed are: Paddy Corn Coconut Oil palm Pulot watershed shows a large increase in oil palm plantations – which has involved land conversion in upper parts of the watershed

12. Increase in Area of Agricultural and High Value Crops between 2010 and 2014 (in hectares)
Extent of paddy rice, coconut and oil palm plantation in 2014

13. Value of ecosystem services used in the production of rice, corn, coconut and oil palm

14. 1. CORAL REEF KEY FINDINGS 5: COASTAL EXTENT AND CONDITION
Coral Reef Ecosystem Condition, % Change in Live Coral Cover, Municipality of S. Espanola, Palawan, Philippines 2001 and 2010 (PCSD, 2011)

15. 1. CORAL REEF KEY FINDINGS 5: COASTAL EXTENT AND CONDITION
Coral Reef Ecosystem Condition, % Change in Live Coral Cover, Municipality of S. Espanola, Palawan, Philippines 2001 and 2010 (PCSD, 2011)

16. 2. MANGROVE EXTENT AND VOLUME 2005 (PCSD) 2010 (NAMRIA) 2014 (NAMRIA)
EXTENT (Hectares)
1,776
1,092
1,073
VOLUME (Cubic meters)
337,053
189,652
EXTENT AND VOLUME

17. 3. SEAGRASS
Seagrass Ecosystem Condition, % Cover, Municipality of S Espanola, Palawan, Philippines, 2001 and 2010

18. There are important trade-offs in ecosystem management in Palawan… Ecosystem accounts help to make these trade-offs clear and inform decision making

19. Additional oil palm plantation?
Normal rainfall
Additional oil palm plantation?
Accounts provide the basis for land use planning
For instance, they show that in Pulot Watershed, Palawan, there is insufficient water to irrigate oil palm
Dry year (2006)

20. A scenario analysis was done to assess the impact of coral reef degradation on fisheries
Fishing effort Coral reef condition (% live coral)

21. Forecast fish harvests Palawan
Coral reef destruction (dynamite and cyanide) will lead to loss of fisheries of coral dependent species by ~ 2030 even with increasing fishing efforts

22. Provide information to review implementation of national and local land use policies
Decline of mangrove forests was attributed to their use for other purposes due to the issuance of policy instruments such as private titles (based on cadastral survey), CLOAs, CADC, and etc.
Certain mangrove areas have also been converted into fishponds

23. PULOT WATERSHED Carbon sequestration PHP2.59 Billion (2014)
Sediment retention 745 KiloTons/yr (2014)
PULOT WATERSHED
Water regulation
Crop Production (Resource Rent)
PHP35 Million/ha/yr (2014)
Fishery production
(Resource Rent)
PHP70 Million/yr (2015)

24. MARAMING SALAMAT!