1. Unit #4 – Missionaries, Education, Industries
Part 1 - SLOs
Describe traditional Hawaiian and missionary education in Hawaiʻi.
Contrast traditional Hawaiian with contemporary natural resource management systems.
Describe dakine Pidgin.
Ka’ahumanu by Herb Kane

2. Traditional Hawaiian Education
Family-based
Ancestral knowledge & memories
The source of all knowledge stem from the kūpuna (Pukui & Elbert, 1986).
Punahele (favorite) of grandparents
Kumu hula
Hawaiian scholar
Interviewed kūpuna
Translated Hawaiian newspaper articles
Mary Kawena Pukui (1895 – 1986)
at Bishop Museum

3. ʻŌlelo Noʻeau – Hawaiian Proverbs Relating to Teaching & Learning
Nānā ka maka. Hoʻolohe. Paʻa ka waha. Hoʻopili.
Observe, listen. Keep the mouth shut. Imitate.
I ka hoʻolohe nō, hoʻomaopopo.
By listening, one understands.
Ma ka hana no ka ʻike
Through work one learns
Nalani Kanakaole and Pualani Kanahele
at Merrie Monarch

4. Western/Missionary Education
Arrived in 1820 from Boston after Kamehameha died
Brought the printing press
Printed primers, Hawaiian language periodicals, the Holy Bible
Western education & knowledge = Christian civilization
Fill the islands with schools & churches
New ways replaced old ways
Kawaiahao Church with Mission Houses (1857)
Hawaiian Bible - Baibala Hemolele
printed in New York in 1822
signed by Hiram Bingham

5. Lahainaluna School, Maui
Missionary Education = Conversion to Christian Way of Life
Lahainaluna School, Maui
Established in 1832 to train Hawaiian men to be teachers & religious/political leaders
Graduates to teach & preach
Ka’ahumanu listening to Hiram Bingham preaching in Waimea, O’ahu in 1826
Printing press in Lahainaluna:
First Ka Lama
Then books for the school

6. Hawaiʻi’s Legacy of Literacy
With arrival of foreigners, Hawaiians were eager to get stuff
Missionaries set up in court
Worked with Hawaiians to create the written Hawaiian language
1824 Kaʻahumanu issued an edict
Kamehameha III “My nation will be a literate nation.”
Hawaiian language newspapers flowered up to 1948.
Newspapers were embraced as collective repository.
Huge bodies of knowledge
Digitized newspapers provide raw material for research
Dr. Puakea Nogelmeier, PhD
UH Hawn language professor
Trained in hula
TEDxTalks

7. Brief History of the Hawaiian Language
Language spoken from about 400 AD to present
Identity and history preserved in oral literature.
Missionaries created written form of Hawaiian language in the 1820s.
Focus of written language on Bible lessons
Proliferation of Hawaiian language newspapers, containing histories, chants, local & global news, birth & death announcements
Kamehameha III
Kauikaouli – son of Kamehameha I & Keopuolani
“He aupuni palapala koʻu” mine will be a nation of letters and learning.

8. Page from early Hawaiian language primer on The Alphabet
Language spoken from about 400 AD to present
Identity and history preserved in oral literature.
Missionaries created written form of Hawaiian language in the 1820s.
Proliferation of Hawaiian language newspapers, containing histories, chants, local & global news, birth & death announcements

9. Watch video, which was created by ʻŌiwi Tv:

10. Nā Nowela Example from 8/27/15 (30 sec)

11. Missionary Teachings Brought Changes
Educational changes reflect political changes
From family focus to formally trained teachers
Drive to document traditions before it dies.
The Constitution of absolute to constitutional monarchy
Foreign missionaries gained political influence
Kamehameha School for Girls in the 1890s
Kamehameha School for Boys in the 1890s

12. The establishment of The Kamehameha Schools
Founded by Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop (1831 – 1884)
Dedicated 375, 000 acres of ancestral land for the education of Hawaiians
Kuokoa

13. Kamehameha School for Boys 1887 at Bishop Hall
Thirteenth. I give, devise and bequeath all of the rest, residue and remainder of my estate real and personal, wherever situated unto the trustees below named, their heirs and assigns forever, to hold upon the following trusts, namely: to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools, each for boarding and day scholars, one for boys and one for girls, to be known as, and called the Kamehameha Schools (Bernice Pauahi Bishop)
Legacy of a Princess at
Charles Reed Bishop: Hawai’i’s First Banker
Charles R. Bishop – established First Hawaiian Bank, husband of Pauahi, executed her Will

14. Part 2 - Hawaiʻi’s Changing Economies From Native to Foreign Control
How did Hawaiians traditionally manage the natural resources (economics)?
How did land ownership drastically changed in Hawai’i?
Whaling in Lahaina, Maui
Sugar Industry in Makawao, Maui

15. Traditional Economic System of Hawai’i Pre-Western Contact

16. Community Sharing Resources (Generous)
Self-sufficiency Hiki Nō Video
access to resources
mountain to the sea – ahupuaʻa
beach access issue

17. Foreign Changes to Hawaiʻiʻs Economy
Sandalwood
Whaling (1840s – 1850)
Captain Vancouver gifted cattle to Kamehameha I.
Cattle was kapu.
Mexican cowboys (vaqueros)
Paniolo
Kuana Torres Kahele’s mele Na Vaqueros

18. Watch video on Pidgin/Hawaiʻi Creole

19. Tsaiʻs Article How did Pidgin develop?
What is the English Standard System (1924)?
What is the stigma of speaking Pidgin?
Why does Pidgin still exist?

20. Proliferation & Glamorization of Pidgin

21. Māhele of 1848 – Privatization of Land
Urged by foreigners, particularly missionary advisors Hawaiians petitioned K. III not to appoint foreigners
Hawaiian population decimated by diseases
Foreigners (naturalized or not) gained right to own land
Altered traditional relationships between classes
Land division & grants, regardless of ahupuaʻa

22. Missionaries & Descendants Acquired Land
Alexander & Baldwin (A & B)
After 1855 ABFCM cut off ties from missionaries in Hawaiʻi
Some missionaries returned to continent, & some stayed.
Missionaries established sugar plantations.
Several businesses w/missionary roots still here

23. Watch the video, Stolen Waters on ʻŌiwi Tv
Who owns water? Why?
Why do we pay for water?
What is the source of the controversy?

24. Ha’ina
Describe traditional Hawaiian and missionary education in Hawaiʻi.
Contrast traditional Hawaiian with contemporary natural resource management systems.
Describe dakine Pidgin.
Just 2 more classes till pau.
Donʻt forget to upload 2 Video Reflection Papers & 2 Heritage Sites Papers.
Final Exam on June 29th.
Papers due July 2nd midnight.