1. 1-3 Cycles and Earth Objectives: Explain the water cycle.
Explain the carbon cycle.
Explain the 3 main types of energy.
What are the laws of thermodynamics?

2. Warm Up
Demo

3. Introduction Cycle: a sequence of events that repeats
Some repeat over relatively short periods
Some happen over millions of years
Water, carbon, and energy cycles work together

4. The Water Cycle
Water cycle: the continuous circulation of water through the hydrosphere
Most of Earth’s water is in liquid form in the oceans

5. The Water Cycle Cont’d Steps of the water cycle
Sun shines on the ocean
Evaporation turns water into water vapor
Water vapor rises into the atmosphere
Water vapor cools and turns into clouds
Clouds get heavy with water and rains or snows depending on temperature

6. The Water Cycle Cont’d
runoff: if rain flows over the ground and into a body of water 6a) Runoff flows into streams, rivers, and eventually back to the ocean 6b) Soak into the ground 1) Might be stored as groundwater in small spaces between particles of soil, sand, and rock a)moves slowly back to the ocean

7. The Water Cycle Cont’d
6c) Some water evaporates quickly or “breathed out” (transpired) by leaves
1) evapotranspiration: the cycling of water vapor into the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration

8. The Water Cycle Cont’d
One turn of the water cycle is complete when water returns to the oceans
Energy from the sun drives the water cycle
All water has been through the cycle millions of times over millions of years

9. Water Cycle Activity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3NeMVBcXXU
Directions:
Each person is a water molecule
Each person will start at a station (Cloud, Glacier, Ocean, Stream, Groundwater, Animal, or Plant)
Each person will have a scorecard
At the station you will find a die and traveling directions
Roll the die and read the statement at the station that matches the number on the die.
Write the station name, what happens, and the next destination.
I will say “cycle” when it’s time to move to the next station as directed on your scorecard
We will cycle about 10 times

10. Water Cycle Activity Cont’d
Fill in sequence and water cycle terms into the graphic organizer
Write a brief story from a water molecule’s point of view that describes the journey you just took through the water cycle

11. Water Cycle Activity Cont’d
Answer the following questions in your journal:
Even though individual molecules took different paths, was anything similar about the journeys they took?
In the game which stations seemed to be visited by the most water molecules, regardless of their particular journey? What can you infer from this?
Can you think of other parts of the water cycle that were not included in the game?
How is the water cycle important to plants and animals?

12. The Carbon Cycle
Biogeochemical cycle: a chemical element or compound is changed as it moves through the Earth system
Carbon cycle: biogeochemical cycle involving carbon (C)

13. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Carbon is the building block of life
Carbon is in all organic material and from once-living things

14. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Carbon enters the atmosphere several ways
Carbon dioxide
Exhaling
Decomposers
Yeast
Carbon based materials burn
Volcanos
Oceans

15. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere through photosynthesis
Oxygen is released
Carbon is stored as carbohydrates
Animals eat the plants

16. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Phytoplankton uses the carbon dioxide in water for photosynthesis and releases oxygen

17. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Most phytoplankton are eaten by marine animals
A small % settle on the ocean floor and become part of the sediment
The carbon in the dead phytoplankton is stored in a carbon sink

18. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Ocean waves dissolves carbon dioxide in seawater
Turns into bicarbonate and carbonate compounds
Seashells

19. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
The ocean removes about 40% of carbon in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels

20. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Carbon is removed from the atmosphere
Plants have carbon
Animals eat plants
Animals store the carbon from plants in their bodies
Animals die
Animals decompose
Animal carbon is turned into carbon dioxide and methane
Repeat

21. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Formation of fossil fuels
Plant or animal dies and seeps into a low-oxygen environment
Carbon in its tissues changes into fossil fuels after a long period of time
Coal and oil
Fossil fuels burned and release carbon into the atmosphere
repeat

22. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d
Carbon is changed from one form to another
The total amount of carbon remains about the same

23. The Carbon Cycle Cont’d

24. The Carbon Cycle Activity
Directions:
Each person is a carbon atom
Each person will start at a station (Atmosphere,
Plants, Animals, Soil, Ocean, Deep Ocean, and Fossil Fuels)
Each person will have a scorecard
At the station you will find a die and traveling directions
Roll the die and read the statement at the station that matches the number on the die.
Write the station name, what happens, and the next destination.
I will say “cycle” when it’s time to move to the next station as directed on your scorecard
We will cycle about 10 times

25. The Carbon Cycle Activity Cont’d
Make a bar graph for how many times you were at a station
Write a brief story from a carbon atom’s point of view that describes the journey you just took through the water cycle

26. The Carbon Cycle Activity Cont’d
Using the bar graph, explain where the
most/least amount of carbon was in the cycle? Why do you think carbon was found here the most/least often?

27. The Energy Cycle
Energy cycle (Earth’s energy budget): the movement of energy into and out of the Earth system
The amount of energy that enters the system should be the same as the amount of energy removed

28. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
3 main sources of energy
Solar
Geothermal
Tidal

29. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
Most of the energy at Earth’s surface is solar energy
Solar energy: energy that comes from the sun
Drives winds, ocean currents and waves
Causes rocks to weather (forming soil)

30. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
Geothermal energy: heat within the Earth
Drives the movement of Earth’s lithosphere
Powers volcanoes, geysers and earthquakes
An important part in the rock cycle

31. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
Tidal energy: the pull of the moon and the sun on Earth’s oceans
Smallest part of the energy budget
Powerful enough to slow down Earth’s rotation

32. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
40% of the solar energy is reflected back into space
Different areas of Earth’s surface
Different types of clouds

33. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
60% is used within the Earth system
Evaporation and precipitation
Wave and wind energy
Heat energy
Stored in water and ice, plants, sedimentary rocks
Fossil fuels

34. The Energy Cycle Cont’d
Energy changes as it moves through the Earth’s system
Energy is turned into heat with every change
Steel wool experiment

35. The Laws of Thermodynamics
Laws of Thermodynamics: certain predictable rules that explain what energy will do (how energy flows)
A branch of physics that deals with how heat energy is changed into other forms of energy

36. The Laws of Thermodynamics Cont’d
Rules:
Energy can never be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another
A) Example: rub hands together

37. The Laws of Thermodynamics Cont’d
When energy changes, it is converted from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form
A) Turned into less useful forms

38. The Effects of Earth’s Surface
Different parts of Earth reflect solar energy at different rates
Albedo: the percentage of energy that is reflected without being changed

39. The Effects of Earth’s Surface Cont’d
The more reflective the surface the more albedo it has
Reflects more energy back into space

40. The Effects of Earth’s Surface Cont’d
Earth’s overall albedo is 30%
The moon’s overall albedo is 11%
Venus’s overall albedo is 75%
An area’s albedo can change if the landscape changes

41. Human Activity and the Cycles
The water, carbon, and energy cycles do not work in isolation
The water, carbon, and energy cycles are affected by human activity
Changing the landscape changes albedo = affects energy budget
Burning fossil fuels puts more carbon into the environment
Etc.

42. Exit Ticket Answer the following question.
Use complete sentences. (5 points)
You may NOT use your book. You MAY use your notes.
This is a quiz grade. (35 points)
Explain the water cycle. (5 points)
Explain the carbon cycle. (5 points)
Explain the 3 main types of energy. (15 points)
What are the laws of thermodynamics? (5 points)