1. Personalization - Overview of white paper Olaf Droegehorn, Stefan Pitz, Klaus David

2. Acknowledgements
Hubert Lauer, Olaf Drögehorn, Stefan Pitz, Klaus David University of Kassel, Germany
Herma van Kranenburg, Johan de Heer Telematica Instituut, The Netherlands
Stefan Arbanowski Fraunhofer Fokus, Germany
Erwin Postmann, Christian Feichtner Siemens AG, Austria
Axel Busboom Ericsson Research, Germany
Johan Hjelm Ericsson, Sweden
Particia Charlton Motorola, France
Kimmo Raatikainen Nokia, Finland
John Yanoshy Motorola, Tx, USA

3. What is personalization ?
Get & store the users preferences
User controls the level of personalization
Apply these preferences to sources of interest
Changing, filtering, adopting information / content
Learn the users skills / abilities
Adopt the interfaces according to his needs and abilities
Prefetch the needed information according to the users needs

4. Definition of important terms
Personalization: Filtering information sources with regard to actors needs, skills and environmental conditions
Profile: Set of preferences / skills / needs
I-centric: Actor centric communications
Agent: Item, which acts instead of the actor
Scalability: Possible Use of an algorithm with a great number of actors

5. Issues to address Security & Privacy
Who is allowed to access/control/use the profile
Transparency
What is going on with my profile
Useability
User must be able to edit/control the profile
Presenting a simplified view of the profile
Trust
User must be sure that profile information is not abused

6. Issues to address (2) Profile size and granularity
Adapt the size of the profile and the number of involved databases to the bandwith of available wireless media
Portability
Each system should be able to deal with my profile
Well defined system-independent semantic is needed
Scalability
Ability of the network / devices to handle profile information of all actors

7. Technical issues What is the profile ? Which items are of interest
Which items can be used by systems / actors
Which items can be learned / retrieved
Semantic is needed to describe the profile in a well defined but flexible way
Where is the profile ?
Who is responsible for the profile
Where is it stored (central/distributed): network vs. User
How to edit/access/use the profile
Security / Recovery of the profile
How to move the profile with the user

8. Technical issues (2) Who accesses the profile
How to learn (automatic / user driven)
How to use (Each system / Agent controls the use)
How to Store (Open data / encrypted)
How to secure the profile
Encryption methods
Backup / Recovery / Abuse
Definition of a security context for applications/agents
Transfer of profile-data

9. Context Description Direct context
Sensor bassed data, directly measurable or provided by the user
Indirect context
Derived form multiple direct contexts, refers to the actual situation the user is in
Context history
Generated (learned) from the users behaviour over time

10. How to learn preferences
Rule Based Systems
Predefined / static system
CASE Systems
“computer assistend self-explication”
Asking the user well defined questions
Endorsement Systems
Self-learning systems for complex products
Collaborative Filtering Systeme
Identification of common interests/skills

11. Personalizationsystems

12. Conclusion
Personalization is done by associating every actor with a set of preferences
Actors preferences have to be stored in secure and flexible profiles moving with the actor
Acceptance by the user is influenced by privacy, usability and availability
This has large implications on the technical realization of the profile (storage / security issues / access restrictions)

13. Proposed division of the topic
Definition of describing semantic
propose a semantic and syntax to describe a profile
Concepts to store/move a profile
Evaluation of different database approaches
Concepts to secure/encrypt/transfer a profile
Propose a security/key concept
Usability of personalization systems (agents, etc.)
User interface, manual vs. automatic adaptation
Field trials, test in different scenarios

14. Conctact information Email :Stefan.Pitz@uet.e-technik.uni-kassel.de
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