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Myers’ Psychology for AP®, 2e
David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, © 2014 AP® is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board ®, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
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Unit 8: Motivation, Emotion and Stress
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Unit 08 - Overview Motivational Concepts Hunger Motivation
Sexual Motivation Social Motivation: Affiliation Needs Theories and Physiology of Emotion Expressed Emotion Stress and Health Stress and Illness Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
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Introduction Motivation
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Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology
Instinct (fixed pattern) Instincts in animals Instincts in humans
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Drives and Motivations
Drive-reduction theory Homeostasis Need Drive Drive reduction
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Drives and Motivations
Incentive Positive and negative
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Optimum Arousal Arousal Optimum level of arousal Yerkes-Dodson Law
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A Hierarchy of Motives Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Variations in the hierarchy
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A Hierarchy of Motives
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Motivational Theories Strengths and Weaknesses
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Module 38: Hunger Motivation
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The Physiology of Hunger
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The Physiology of Hunger
Contractions of the stomach Washburn study
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The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain
Glucose Insulin Hypothalamus Lateral hypothalamus orexin Vetromedial hypothalamus
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The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain
Appetite hormones Ghrelin Obestatin PYY Leptin Set point Basal metabolic rate
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The Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry and the Brain
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The Psychology of Hunger
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The Psychology of Hunger Taste Preferences: Biology and Culture
Genetic: sweet and salty Neophobia Adaptive taste preferences
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The Psychology of Hunger Taste Preferences: Biology and Culture
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The Psychology of Hunger Situational Influences on Eating
Do you eat more when eating with others? Unit bias Food variety
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Obesity and Weight Control
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Obesity and Weight Control
The Physiology of Obesity Set point and metabolism The genetic factor The food and activity factors Social influence
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Obesity and Weight Control
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Module 39: Sexual Motivation
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The Physiology of Sex The Sexual Response Cycle
Excitement phase Plateau phase Orgasm Resolution phase Refractory period
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The Physiology of Sex Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias
Erectile disorder Premature ejaculation Female orgasmic disorder Paraphilias Exhibitionism, fetishism, pedophilia
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The Physiology of Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior
Effects of hormones Development of sexual characteristics Activate sexual behavior Estrogen Testosterone
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The Psychology of Sex External stimuli Imagined stimuli Dreams
Sexual fantasies
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The Psychology of Sex
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Module 40: Social Motivation: Affiliation Needs
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Introduction Aristotle’s social animal
Need to belong – affiliation need
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The Benefits of Belonging
Enhanced survival How belonging influences our thoughts and emotions Attachment Anxious attachment Insecure avoidant attachment
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The Pain of Being Shut Out
Ostracism Cyberostracism Anterior cingulate cortex Influences on behavior
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Connecting and Social Networking Mobile Networks and Social Media
Cell phones Texting and Facebook and twitter
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Have social networking sites made us more, or less, socially isolated?
Connecting and Social Networking The Social Effects of Social Networking Have social networking sites made us more, or less, socially isolated? Does electronic communication stimulate healthy self-disclosure? Do social networking profiles and posts reflect people’s actual personalities? Does social networking promote narcissism?
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Cognition and Emotion Emotions Bodily arousal Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience
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Cognition and Emotion Historical Emotion Theories
Common Sense theory James-Lange theory Cannon-Bard theory Lower spine injuries High spinal cord injury
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Two-factor theory Schachter-Singer Spillover effect
Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion: Schachter and Singer Two-factor theory Schachter-Singer Spillover effect
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LeDoux’s high and low road
Cognition and Emotion Cognition May Not Proceed Emotion: Zajonc, LeDoux & Lazarus Robert Zajonc LeDoux’s high and low road
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Cognition and Emotion Cognition May Not Proceed Emotion: Zajonc, LeDoux & Lazarus
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Embodied Emotion
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Embodied Emotion Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system arousing Parasympathetic nervous system Calming Yerkes Dodson Law Fight or flee
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Embodied Emotion Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
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Embodied Emotion The Physiology of Emotions
Insula Brain circuits Left frontal lobe
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Detecting Emotion in Others
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Detecting Emotion in Others
Nonverbal cues Duchenne smile
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Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
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Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
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Culture and Emotional Expression
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Culture and Emotional Expression
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Culture and Emotional Expression
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The Effects of Facial Expressions
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The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback effect Health psychology
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Module 43: Stress and Health
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Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress appraisal
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Stress: Some Basic Concepts Stressors – Things that Push Our Buttons
Catastrophes Significant life changes Daily hassles
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Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) Alarm Resistance Exhaustion Tend-and-befriend
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Stress: Some Basic Concepts The Stress Response System General Adaptation Syndrome
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Introduction Psychophysiological illnesses Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Lymphocytes B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Macrophage Natural killer cells (NK cells)
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Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
Stress and AIDS Stress and Cancer Stress and Heart Disease Coronary heart disease Type A Type B
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Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
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Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
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Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
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