1. The Establishment of the Modern State of Israel

2. Abraham’s Journeys

3. The Original Covenant
It was with Abraham that God, known as Yahweh, made a covenant, promising to protect Abraham and his descendants, to wage wars on their behalf, and to obtain for them the land of Canaan, an area roughly approximate to modern Israel and the occupied West Bank .
In exchange, Abraham and his people were bound individually and collectively to follow the ethical precepts and rituals laid down by God.
In another part of the Torah, God pledges to Abraham's descendants "the land from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates," an area much larger than historic Canaan.
Both Jews and Arabs claim descendancy from Abraham and claim to be heirs to the covenant.

4. Abraham’s Descendents
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
SARAH
Ishmael
Isaac
12 Arabian Tribes
Jacob
Esau
12 Tribes of Israel

5. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c B. C. E. ?

6. “Shepherd of His People”
Moses
“Shepherd of His People”
“Prince of Egypt”

7. Route of the Exodus

8. Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

9. Mount Sinai

10. St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai

11. The Promised Land From Mount Nebo
"Go up into the Abarim Range to Mount Nebo in Moab, across from Jericho, and view Canaan, the land I am giving the Israelites as their own possession. There on the mountain that you have climbed you will die and be gathered to your people Deuteronomy 32:49-52

12. King David’s Empire Lived: c.1037 – 967 B.C.E,
Reigned over Judah c B.C.E, and over Judah and Israel c BC.

13. Solomon’s
Kingdom
Born
c BCE
Died
931 BCE

14. Soloman’s Temple
The Arc of the Covenant

15. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

16. Kingdoms of
Judah
&
Israel

17. The Assyrian Empire
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

18. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
605 BCE-561 BCE

19. Israelites in Captivity

20. Frees Jews from Captivity
The Persian Empire
Cyrus the Great,
c. 590 BCE—530 BC,
Frees Jews from Captivity

21. Alexander the Great & the Hellenization of the Near East

22. Roman Judea

23. Herod the Great’s Kingdom

24. The Jewish Revolt (66-70 C. E.)
Masada

25. The Jewish Diaspora

26. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

27. Constantine Embraces Christianity
Constantine faced Western Roman Emperor Maxentius at the Tiber River's Mulvian Bridge in A.D He saw a flaming cross in the sky bearing the words "in this sign thou shalt conquer."

28. Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

29. The Dreyfus Case, 1894
Capt. Alfred Dreyfus
Emile Zola

30. Zionism
GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
Theodore Herzl

31. First Zionist Conference, 1897
Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896.
Met in Basel, Switzerland.
Creates the First Zionist Congress.
Becomes an international Jewish organization.
“Next Year in Jerusalem!”

32. The Ottoman Empire in WWI

33. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Main Players in WWI
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

34. The Middle East in 1914

35. “Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins
T. E. Lawrence [ ]
“Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins

36. Hussein-McMahon Letters, 1915 Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca
....Britain is prepared to recognize and uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontiers proposed by the Sharif of Mecca....
Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca

37. The Arab Revolt:

38. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

39. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917
His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…
Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary

40. Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918
Arab Disappointment!

41. The League of Nations Mandates

42. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!
Prince Abdullah  “ruler” of Trans-Jordan.
Prince Faisal  “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinct geographic regions].
The House of Saud  Seize the throne of the newly-created Saudi Arabia.
The Pahlavi Family  put on the throne of a new Iran.
Mustafa Kemal  leads a military/nationalist movement in Turkey.

43. The Middle East Between the Wars

44. The
British in
Palestine
( )

45. British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

46. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920
In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 1 Jew to every 2 Arabs in Palestine.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

47. IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
1929 Arab Riots
IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
Jewish
1919
1,806
1920
8,223
1921
8,294
1922
8,685
1923
8,175
1924
13,892
1925
34,386
1926
13,855
1927
3,034
1928
2,178
1929
5,249
1930
4,944
Immigration
1931
4,075
1932
12,533
1933
37,337
1934
45,267
1935
66,472
1936
29,595
1937
10,629
1938
14,675
1939
31,195
1940
10,643
1941
4,592

48. Demographic Evolution of Palestine 1850-1947
•1850 Census: 600,000 (30,000 Jews, 6%)
•1922 Census: 757,182 (83,794 Jews, 11%)
•1931 Census: 1,035,821 (174,000 Jews, 16%)
•1947 Census: 1,908, 775 (589,341 Jews, 31%)

49. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System
First one founded in 1908.
Communal living.
“Make the Desert Bloom!”

50. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.
Palestine Arab Revolt:
Their Goals:
An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine.
An end to the transfer of lands to Jewish owners.
A new “general representative government.”
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

51. The Peel Commission Partition Plan, 1937

52. British White Paper of 1939
Limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 over the next five years.
It ended Jewish land purchases.
Independence for Palestine within 10 years.
It is NOT British policy that Palestine become a Jewish state.

53. Hitler’s “Final Solution”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

54. Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

55. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

56. Aliyah Bet
Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
The Exodus, 1947.

57. British “Detention” Camps in Cyprus : 1946-1948

58. Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”?)
Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

60. King David Hotel Jerusalem, June 1946

61. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

62. Truman Opts for Partition Over Objections of Departments of State and Defense
“I'm sorry, gentlemen, but I have to answer to hundreds of thousands who are anxious for the success of Zionism: I do not have hundreds of thousands of Arabs among my constituents."
--Harry S. Truman

63. Truman’s Personal Note

64. Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann, 1st President
David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister

65. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

66. The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

67. Armistice Signed, 1949

68. Evolution of Israel Through the Ages

69. Israel Today