1. PLANTS: structure and function & reproduction

2. Plants: Grouped by characteristics
Vascular
Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
Roots can be different sizes:
Fibrous and tap roots
Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
Nonvascular
Simple; most grow in moist places
No vascular tissues.

3. Vascular Plants: Stems
Function of stems
Support, transport of water & food
Most stems grow upward
Some stems grow sideward
Types of stems
Green
Woody
Transport of materials
Xylem & phloem

4. Xylem-Conducts water and minerals
from roots to plant
-composed of dead cells that
form water-pipe system
Phloem-Conducts food throughout
plant
-composed of living cells
arranged into tubules

5. Vascular Plants: Leaves
Leaves come in variety of shapes and sizes
Leaves are arranged in different ways

6. Photosynthesis A movie of photosynthesis
As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released
chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color carbon dioxide – a gas found in air

7. Plants reproduce differently
Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”
Plants reproduce differently
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds
Plants that do not make seeds
Flowering Plants
Conifers
Ferns
Mosses

8. a protective covering that surrounds the seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's food.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.

9. What Are the Parts of a Flower
Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green
Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg
What Are the Parts of a Flower

10. How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits?
Ovary – the bottom part of the pistil in which seeds form Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant

11. How Seeds Form
After fertilization the flower dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary.
The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out.
Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

12. How Fertilization Occurs
When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.

13. How Pollination Occurs
Butterflies may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind.
Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil

14. Some flowering plants are
monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf
dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food

16. What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
dormant – the resting stage of a seed
Dormant Seed
Takes in water and the seed coat gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate.

17. Geminating Seed
First a root pushes through the seed coat and grows downward.
The top part of the root grows upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves.

18. Seedling
When the stored food within the original seed leaves is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller. The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and make sugar. Plants use the energy in the sugar to grow.