1. The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach, 6th Edition By Dr
The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach, 6th Edition By Dr. William Lawhead Slides prepared by Dr. Lee Walton, WallaceWallace State Community College
Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

2. Ethics

3. Ethical Dilemmas

4. TROLLEY DILEMMA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7RTykOCcuI
Click picture

5. Gyges’ Ring
***Read and discuss p 408
STOP AND THINK

6. P 415

7. What about Motives?
Describe a situation where a person intends evil but it turns out good.
Describe a situation where a person intends goo but it turns out evil.
Do motives (intention) matter?
Do consequences matter?

8. What about Consequences?

9. Questionnaire p 420

10. Why Be Moral? Why does society need morality? Why should I be moral?
Glaucon's question again
Why does society need morality?
Why should I be moral?
Hobbes
Morality and law protect society
Motivation for individual?

11. Why Be Moral? Because God commands it Out of love for God
Religious answers
Because God commands it
Out of love for God
Plato: self-interest in keeping spiritual health
“Because it's right”

12. Theories of Ethics-1 Ethical relativism Ethical objectivism
Ethical egoism
Utilitarianism
Kantian ethics
Virtue ethics

13. Consider… What is right for you may not be right for me.
What I think is right is not necessarily what you think is right.
An action be right for me but wrong for you.
A moral principle can be correct for me but not necessarily for you.

15. Diff’rent Strokes

16. Everyday when you're walking down the street And everybody that you meet Has an original point of view And I say HEY! (HEY!) What a wonderful kind of day. If you can learn to work and play And get along with each other You got to listen to your heart Listen to the beat Listen to the rhythm The rhythm of the street Open up your eyes Open up your ears Get together and make things better By working together! It's a simple message and it comes from the heart Believe in yourself (in yourself) cause that's the place to start (to start) And I say HEY! (HEY!) What a wonderful kind of day If we can learn to work and play And get along with each other. Hey what a wonderful kind of day hey!
Now, the world don't move to the beat of just one drum,  What might be right for you, may not be right for some.  A man is born, he's a man of means.  Then along come two, they got nothing but their jeans. But they got, Diff'rent Strokes. It takes, Diff'rent Strokes. It takes, Diff'rent Strokes to move the world. Everybody's got a special kind of story Everybody finds a way to shine, It don't matter that you got, not alot, So what, They'll have theirs, and you'll have yours, and I'll have mine. And together we'll be fine.... But they got, Diff'rent Strokes. It takes, Diff'rent Strokes. It takes, Diff'rent Strokes to move the world.

17. Do we create pop-culture or does pop-culture create us?

18. It’s for a greater good.

19. #1 Ethical Relativism Defined: Morality is relative to each person
Sartre
“If there is no God, all things are permissible”…therefore…
each person must create his/her own morality.

20. Diversity thesis Dependency thesis
Defined: Morality is relative to each society
Herodotus- Read
John Ladd
Diversity thesis
Dependency thesis

21. #2 Ethical Objectivism
Defined: Certain moral principles are universal and objective
Absolutism: principles can never be overridden
Discuss
Problems with relativism?
Is there a core morality?

22. James Rachels Read article. 436-442
For each subheading write a 2-3 sentence summary and 1 question.
You may read this together and develop summaries/questions as a group.

23. Relativism vs Objectivism Project
Read Strengths and Weaknesses: , 443
Create a visual demonstrating the case for each view
Example:
Ethical Objectivism
Pros
Cons
Picture
Ethical Relativism

24. #3 Ethical Egoism
Defined: people should always do what is in their self-interest
Answer “Stop and Think” on

25. Nietzsche and Rand
Spotlight 448
Pg 449 and “Stop and Think”

26. Arguments for Universal Ethical Egoism-1
Egoism Is the ultimate ethical principle
Ayn Rand's Objectivism
The Virtue of Selfishness
Egoism and the conflict of interests

27. Analysis
If a person has a moral obligation to perform an action, it must be possible.
If a person is able to do it, the action will follow the laws of human motivation.
So, if there is a moral obligation, the action will follow the laws of human motivation.
Any action that follows the laws of human motivation is an action done to maximize one’s own self interest.
Therefore moral obligations must maximize one’s self-intetrest.

28. https://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Superman_in_Red_Son

29. Arguments for Universal Ethical Egoism #2
Egoism leads to the best society
Adam Smith
CAPITALISM vs Communism

30. Pros and Cons Read 459-460 After reading…
Choose the best argument in FAVOR of Ethical Egoism. Why did you choose this?
Choose the best argument OPPOSED to Ethical Egoism. Why did you choose this?
Which has a stronger case overall?

31. Share with neighbor- 2 min

32. Sorry, but torturing you will save millions of babies .=
Sorry, but torturing you will save millions of babies .

33. #4 Utilitarianism
Defined: the right action is that which produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number

34. Bentham’s Utilitarianism
Summarize Utilitarianism
Can you find any problems with it?
Can you come up with a scenario in which it would not work?
Explain two problems with Utilitarianism.
Think of another scenario.
What is the Utility Monster?
How are you like a Utility monster?

35. Problem: Define happiness Is it pleasure? Money? Health? Comfort?
Relaxation?
Is it something else?
In a Utilitarian framework would your definition of happiness change moral decisions?

37. Give the money to fight cancer- Consequentialism- Consequences determine
Keep it- Ethical Egoist
Give it to nephew- Deontological Ethics- DUTY

38. Case #1

39. Case #2

40. Sorry, but torturing you will save millions of babies .
Case #3 =
Sorry, but torturing you will save millions of babies .

41. Case #4

42. #5 Themes of Kantian Ethics
Irrelevance of consequences in determining moral rightness
consistency
Irreducible dignity and worth of every person
Necessity of having moral absolutes

43. Categorical Imperative
Read 488
Define the Categorical Imperative.
Is this the same as Utilitarianism?
How is it different?

44. Application
Never say I love you to someone unless they say it too you first.
Always charge less than your competitor.
Never help someone unless you get something in return.
Share with the less fortunate.
Give all your money to the less fortunate.
Cheat whenever possible.
Never cheat.

47. #6 Virtue Ethics Leading Questions-496-497
The problems with the utilitarian view
The problems with the Kantian view

48. The Positive Case for Virtue Ethics-1
1. Virtues are necessary conditions for human flourishing and well-being
2. Moral rules are inadequate unless they are grounded in a virtue-based ethics
3. Judgments about character are more fundamental than judgments about the rightness or wrongness of conduct

49. The Positive Case for Virtue Ethics-2
4. Virtue ethics is more comprehensive, because it deals with the whole person and not simply the person in so far as he or she performs an action
5. The key to morality is found in the character of moral role models

50. Aristotle Eudaimonia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFPBf1AZOQg
Nicomachean Ethics
Intellectual and moral virtues
Doctrine of the mean