1. Class Starter What are the five Southern Colonies?
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
What type of economic activity can be found in the Southern Colonies?
List 3 characteristics of a Plantation?

2. The Pilgrims and Plymouth
Settling New England
The Pilgrims and Plymouth

3. Separatists
The Separatists were a group of people that wanted to separate from the Church of England.
They immigrated to the New World in search of finding religious freedom.
With a Charter from the Virginia company, they boarded the Mayflower and headed to Virginia, but landed far north of the Virginia Colony.

5. Pilgrims
The Separatists become known as Pilgrims (a group who set out on a religious journey).
They called their new colony Plymouth.
They landed December1620.

6. 4. The Mayflower Compact
To keep order in the new colony, the 41 men aboard the Mayflower, signed an agreement.
They agreed to make laws for the good of the colony and to obey those laws.
Women were expected to follow the laws even though they were not asked to sign the Mayflower Compact.

7. 5. Leaders of the Pilgrims
William Bradford: Long time governor or the Plymouth Colony
William Brewster: Elder in the Church

8. The Natives Save The Pilgrims
The first winter was hard.
The weather was cold, there was not enough food, and many settlers became ill.
About half of the Pilgrims died.
Two Indians from the Wampanoag tribe arrived in the spring to help the Pilgrims.

9. The Natives Save The Pilgrims
Squanto and Samoset came to Plymouth Colony to help the Pilgrims.
They showed them how to plant squash, pumpkins and corn.
They helped the Pilgrims to survive.
Held a great feast after the harvest (The First Thanksgiving)

10. The Puritans
The Puritans came to the New World in 1630, looking for religious freedom.
Their desire to “Purify” the Church of England led to their persecution in England.

11. 3. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
The Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
John Winthrop: governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; wanted to create a “City upon a Hill”

12. 4. Puritan Beliefs Puritans had a strong worth ethic.
Education was emphasized.
Everyone attends church services.
Strictly religious and very superstitious.
Amusements were frowned upon.

14. Dissention in the Puritan Colony
The Rest of the New England Colonies are founded by dissenters in the Massachusetts bay Colony.
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson founded Rhode Island
John Wheelwright founded New Hampshire
Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut

15. Rhode Island (1636)
Roger Williams believed that other religions should be tolerated and he criticized the lack of separation between church and state.
Banished from Massachusetts he founded the settlement of Providence.
Anne Hutchinson believed in a direct connection to God and was convicted of heresy.
Also banished from Massachusetts she founded the settlement of Portsmouth.
The settlements combined to become Rhode Island.

16. New Hampshire (1638)
John Wheelwright spoke out against the Puritan Church.
Banished from Massachusetts, he purchased land from Native Americans and founded Exeter
First settlement of the colony New Hampshire.

17. Connecticut
Thomas Hooker grew dissatisfied with the rigid religious practices and government in Massachusetts.
He led 100 of his followers to establish a settlement in the Connecticut River Valley called Hartford.
First Settlement of the colony of Connecticut

18. The New England Colonies at a Glance

19. Geography
Rocky Soil, cold harsh winters, access to great lakes and ocean

20. Economic Activity
Lumber, Fishing, small farms, shipbuilding

21. Government Town meetings were held in the Church
White males with property could vote
Mayflower Compact: Governed Plymouth
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: First Constitution in New World

22. The Great Awakening
Great Awakening: religious movement within Puritan society
Cause Puritan community began to lose power in Massachusetts
Leaders: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield
Outcome-challenged established churches, membership grew, led to interest in higher education
Protestants founded Princeton

23. Problems in the New England Colonies
War with Native Americans
Land Disputes with Native Americans
At first friendly but new settlers were less friendly and took land
Pequot War: Pequot nation takes stand against colonists; Almost completely destroyed
King Phillips (Metacom’s) War: Wampanoag attack colonial cities in Massachusetts, defeated by disease, starvation, and warfare, ends Native American presence in southeastern New England.

24. Problems in the New England Colonies
Salem Witch Trials
Salem Witchcraft Trials : many accused of being “witches”, stemmed from many issues such as economic differences within the region and jealousy.
People were accused and convicted based on evidence that only the accuser could see, such as apparitions or ghosts.

25. 2. The Salem Witch Trials
The great mystery of the Salem Witch Trials is how an entire town believed this evidence, triggering mass hysteria.
20 people (mostly women) would be executed.
The Witch trials marked the end of Puritan New England after which time many turned to material pursuits.

26. Video
The Salem Witch Trials

27. New Ideas
Enlightenment- movement in Europe where scientists looked past religious reason for how things work, would soon spread to colonies
Ben Franklin encourage people to use experimentation and reasoning
Colonial leaders used reason to conclude individual rights (Thomas Jefferson)
Colonist used enlightenment principles to question authority
Great Awakening-religious movement within Puritan society
Cause Puritan community began to loose power in Massachusetts
Leaders-Jonathan Edwards
Outcome-challenged established churches, membership grew, led to interest in higher education
Protestants founded Princeton