1. ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
8TH EDITION
By Robert Feldman
Powerpoint slides by Kimberly Foreman

2. TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER THIRTEEN:
TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

3. MODULE 40: Psychotherapy: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Approaches to Treatment
What are the goals of psychologically and biologically based treatment approaches?
What are the psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive approaches to treatment?

4. Psychodynamic Approaches to Therapy
Seek to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious
Defense mechanisms
Neurotic symptoms

5. Psychodynamic Approaches to Therapy
Psychoanalysis: Freud’s Therapy
Freudian psychotherapy, in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior
Free association
Dream interpretation
Transference

6. Psychodynamic Approaches to Therapy
Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches
Therapist puts less emphasis on a patient’s past history and childhood, concentrating instead on an individual’s current relationships and specific complaints
Shorter duration

7. Behavioral Approaches to Therapy
Make the fundamental assumption:
Both abnormal behavior and normal behavior are learned

8. Behavioral Approaches to Therapy
Classical Conditioning Treatments
Aversive conditioning
Systematic desensitization
Exposure treatments
Figure 2 of Module 40

9. Behavioral Approaches to Therapy
Operant Conditioning Techniques
Token system
Contingency contracting
Observational learning

10. Behavioral Approaches to Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Focus is on getting people to accept who they are, regardless of whether it matches their ideal
Teaches behavioral skills that help people behave more effectively and keep their emotions in check

11. Cognitive Approaches to Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Therapists attempt to change the way people think as well as their behavior
Highly structured and focused on concrete problems

12. Cognitive Approaches to Therapy
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
Albert Ellis
Attempts to restructure a person’s belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views
Aaron Beck
Cognitive therapy

13. MODULE 41: Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment
What are the humanistic approaches to treatment?
What is interpersonal therapy?

14. MODULE 41: Psychotherapy: Humanistic, Interpersonal, and Group Approaches to Treatment
How does group therapy differ from individual types of therapy?
How effective is psychotherapy, and which kind of psychotherapy works best in a given situation?

15. Humanistic Therapy Person-Centered Therapy
Aims to enable people to reach their potential for self-actualization
Unconditional positive regard
Expressing acceptance and understanding, regardless of the feelings and attitudes the client expresses
Empathetic

16. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
Considers therapy in the context of social relationships
Focuses on interpersonal issues such as conflicts with others, social skills issues, role transitions, or grief

17. Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Self-Help Groups
Several unrelated people meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning
Often centers on a common difficulty

18. Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Self-Help Groups
Involves two or more family members, one (or more) of whose problems led to treatment
Self-Help Therapy
People with similar problems get together to discuss their shared feelings and experiences
Bereavement support group
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

19. Does Therapy Work? Is Therapy Effective?
Hans Eysenck published a study challenging its effectiveness
Spontaneous remission
Recovery without treatment
Issue is hotly debated
Meta-analysis

20. Does Therapy Work? Which Kind of Therapy Works Best?
For most people, psychotherapy is effective
Psychotherapy does not work for everyone
No single form of therapy works best for every problem, and certain specific types of treatment are better for specific types of problems
Most therapies share several basic similar elements

21. MODULE 42: Biomedical Therapy: Biological Approaches to Treatment
How are drug, electroconvulsive, and psychosurgical techniques used today in the treatment of psychological disorders?

22. Drug Therapy
Control of psychological disorders through drugs; works by altering the operation of neurotransmitters and neurons in the brain
Figure 1 of Module 42

23. Drug Therapy Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation
Chlorpromazine
Risperidone
Olanzapine
Paliperidone

24. Drug Therapy Antidepressant Drugs
Medications used in cases of severe depression to improve the moods of patients
Work by changing the concentration of specific neurotransmitters in the brain
Tricyclic drugs
MAO inhibitors
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Prozac

25. Drug Therapy Mood Stabilizers Treats mood disorders
Bipolar
Lithium
Depakote
Tegretol
Can be a preventive treatment, blocking episodes of manic depression

26. Drug Therapy Antianxiety Drugs
Reduce the level of anxiety a person experiences and increase feelings of well-being
Xanax
Valium

27. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Procedure used in the treatment of severe depression
Electric current of 70 to 150 volts is briefly administered to a patient’s head, causing a loss of consciousness and often causing seizures
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

28. Psychosurgery
Brain surgery in which the object is to reduce symptoms of a mental disorder
Prefrontal lobotomy
Cingulotomy

29. Biomedical Therapies in Perspective
Gene Therapy
Critics state that therapies merely provide relief of the symptoms and not the underlying problems
Side effects

30. Community Psychology: Focus on Prevention
Prevent or minimize the incidence of psychological disorders
Deinstitutionalization
Transfer of former mental patient out of institutions and into the community
Figure 3 of Module 42

31. Choosing the Right Therapist
You should feel comfortable with your therapist
Therapists should have appropriate training and credentials and should be licensed by appropriate state and local agencies
You should feel that you are making progress after therapy has begun, despite occasional setbacks