1. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877
Hayes becomes the President
He orders the removal of all Federal troops from the South
And this leads to…

2. The “Invisible Empire of the South”
Ninety years of White Supremacist Terrorism
1870s to 1960s

3. Sharecropping

4. Sharecroppers in cotton field

5. “Exodusters” – Black Homesteaders to Kansas – 1870s

6. Ku Klux Klan – most notorious terrorist organization in American history. Founded in 1867 by former Confederate officers, including Nathan Bedford Forrest

7. Jim Crow – a stock character of Minstrel shows

8. Jim Crow laws
the name given to racial segregation (separation) laws that existed throughout America (but particularly in the South) from the end to Reconstruction until the 1960s

10. “Jim Crow” drinking fountain, Oklahoma City, 1939

11. Segregated movie theater, Leland, Mississippi, 1939

12. Segregated “separate but equal” school in Virginia, early 1900s
Plessy v Ferguson (1895)
Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was legal as long as the accomodations were “substantially equal
Segregated “separate but equal” school in Virginia, early 1900s

13. Segregated bus station in 1930s

14. Wall built in Detroit, Michigan, to separate white neighborhoods from black neighborhoods

15. Restaurant in Alaska, early 1900s

16. Newport News, Virginia 1901

17. Prison work gang, South Carolina, 1940’s

19. Lynching of Reuben Stacy Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, July 19, 1935

20. The lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, a large gathering of lynchers. August 7, 1930, Marion, Indiana.

21. Cleveland Advocate, January 19, 1918

22. Bennie Simmons – soaked alive in coal oil before being set on fire Anadarko, Oklahoma June 13, 1913

23. Graph of lynchings in the United States over time

24. 90% of the victims were Southern 73% of the victims were black
According to the Tuskegee Institute, 4,742 lynchings
occurred between
90% of the victims were Southern
73% of the victims were black
27% of the victims were white
< Tuskegee Institute statistics

25. Race riot, Wilmington, North Carolina 1898

26. Race riot that destroyed the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma 1921

27. A. Phillip Randolph with Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in the 1930s

28. Lt James Reese &15th NY Regimental Band