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The Roaring 1920s AKA the “Jazz Age”
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Rise of the Modern Corporation
Big Business GE / Du Pont / GM/ Sears Roebuck Frederick Taylor – scientific management Rise of advertisement
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Technology Electricity Edison and Westinghouse Automobiles
Henry Ford – assembly line/Detroit Model T – middle class car Suburbs, freedom, promiscuity 1st time- Amer. Live in urban areas Skyscrapers - Empire State Building
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America: The Story of US
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Tech Continued Communications - Telephones - Radio - connected the whole country - Movies - The Jazz Singer – 1st “talkie”
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Great Train Robbery (1903) - Example of a Silent Movie
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Red Scare Fear of socialism in the US Russia communism in eastern Eur.
Rise of Socialist Party Eugene Debs – 1 million votes in 1920 Labor unrest Boston Police Strike – 1919 General strike in Seattle Steel strike – US and Bethlehem Steel
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Palmer Raids A. Mitchell Palmer – US Att. Gen
1919-bombed home prominent figures in US Anarchists/socialists suspected Palmer instituted raids on “Reds” 5,000 arrested; 600 deported
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Nativism Opposition to anything foreign Examples Un-American
Xenophobia Examples Sacco-Vanzetti Case Immigration laws passed Emergence of patriot groups American Legion Daughters of the American Revolution
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AA in 1920s Great Migration Race Riots
– AA went to northern cities JOBS, less discrimination than south Race Riots Chicago – 1919 Several dozen deaths; hundreds injured Knoxville, Omaha, Tulsa
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Marcus Garvey Jamaican - NYC
“self-help” – African people reclaim homelands from Europeans Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. Newspaper – Negro World Black Cross Nurses, AA groceries Black Star Line – steamships Went bankrupt; imprisoned for mail fraud deported
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Immigration Laws 1882 – no criminals, paupers, insane
1917 – literacy test 1921 – Immigration Act of 1921 to 3% of # of each nat. present in US in 1910 1924 – Imm. Act of 1924 2% of # of each nat. present in US 1890 1927 – Nat. Origins Act – overall limit of Eur. Imm. a year to 150,000
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Ku Klux Klan The Birth of a Nation (1915) – DW Griffith Against:
Non-whites/foreigners/Cath./Jews Spread to urban areas – Detroit, Atl, Chi Declined after 1924
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Fundamentalism Believed in the literal interpretation of the Bible
Scopes Trial – Darrow v. Bryan Evolution v. Creationism
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Prohibition Volstead Act – 1919 – banned the brewing/ selling of alcohol 18th Amendment – prohibition Patriotic fervor – German breweries Drinking = foreigners Speakeasies, bathtub gin, cocktails Bootlegging
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Women in the 1920s Flapper – short skirt, bobbed hair, sexual freedom, cigarettes, booze New jobs Secretaries, clerks, telephone operator Disappointing #s at the polls
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Harlem Renaissance AA writers, artists, intellectuals in NYC
used black vernacular JAZZ How to be both black and intellectual?
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Lost Generation White writers that fled to Europe Paris
Felt alienated by US materialism, conformity, prejudice Disillusioned by WWI
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