1. The Need for Irrigation, The Ubaid Culture, From City to Civilization

2. Do Now
Use textbook pages 97 to 99 to locate information relating to The Need for Irrigation, The Ubaid Culture, and From City to Civilizations.

3. The Need for Irrigation
1. State 3 problems that led to the need for irrigation

4. The Need for Irrigation
a. The annual flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers could not be counted on to water the farmer’s crops.

5. The Need for Irrigation
b. The floods were unpredictable and floodwaters often rushed over the land, destroying crops and livestock as well as sweeping away villages.

6. The Need for Irrigation
c. While Northern Mesopotamia received enough rainfall, southern Mesopotamia did not. People in this hot, dry climate had to deal with frequent droughts. The heat of the sun baked the clay soil.

7. The Need for Irrigation
2. What are the 4 ways people used irrigation?

8. Need for Irrigation
1. People dug canals to carry water from the rivers to the
land.
2. Stored water in areas of low land called basins to supply
them with water in times of drought.
3. To protect their lands from floods, they put up dikes, or
walls of dirt, along riverbanks.
4. They also built dams to help control the flow of water.

9. Canals

10. Dams

11. Need for Irrigation
3. What happened because of the surplus of crops that developed?

12. Need for Irrigation
With more than enough food, these early people developed new, more complex cultures.

13. 1. Ubaid Culture – Comparison Chart
Early Culture
Later Culture
1. People lived simply at first, raising just enough crops to survive.
1. People built more advanced irrigation systems and produced surpluses of crops.
2. They used stone hoes to work their fields and clay sickles to harvest their wheat and barley crops.
2. Simple life gave way to one that required rules and organization.
3. The Ubaid people lived close to their fields in huts made of reeds and mud.
3. Leaders were needed, and one person in each community served as village chief.
4. They worshipped gods in small, one room temples.
4. Began living in larger homes and building larger temples to honor their many gods.
5. By about 4500 B.C., this ancient culture had spread across much of the Fertile Crescent.
5. Began creating pottery. Boats carried the pottery and other trade goods to villages throughout the region.

14. 2. Ubaid Culture - Timeline
5000 B.C.
4500 B.C.
4000 B.C.
First known settlement is southern Mesopotamia is formed (Ubaid culture)
This ancient culture had spread across much of the Fertile Crescent.
A more advanced culture developed from the Ubaid Culture.

15. Ubaid Culture
3. Why is the legacy of the Ubaid culture important?

16. Ubaid Culture
The Ubaid culture formed the foundation for the civilization that eventually developed in southern Mesopotamia.

17. From City to Civilization
1. Who formed a civilization after the Ubaid culture?

18. From City to Civilization
The Sumerians

19. From City to Civilization
2. What was necessary for the development of first cities?

20. From City to Civilization
Using agricultural techniques to produce food surpluses, some villages emerged as the first cities.

21. Wrap up How did early people control water?
Why is the Ubaid Culture is significant to the history of Mesopotamia?
How were farming villages were able to develop?