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Free and Open Source Software Today
CCT490: Week 2 Free and Open Source Software Today (actually, we’ll start with the 1940s) Yuri Takhteyev University of Toronto September 15, 2010 This presentation is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License, v To view a copy of this license, visit This presentation incorporates images that belong to other authors – see individual images’ sources for copyright information.
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What is “Open Source Software”?
And what about “Free Software”?
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1999 – RedHat IPO 1946 – The GNU Project 1946 - ENIAC 1940 1950 1960
1970 1980 1990 2000
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image source:http://en. wikipedia
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1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eniac.jpg
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1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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“Stored Program Computer”
image source:
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IBM 704
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IBM Share
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IBM Share
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1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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Computer Market Share in 1965
65.3%
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Computer Market Share in 1965
65.3 %
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AUTOFLOW (1964) Image source: CampbellKelly 2003.
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1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
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ARPANET (1967–) image source:
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@ MIT “hackers” 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1957 – FORTRAN
1959 – COBOL 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1957 – ARPANET @ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1957 – Sputnik
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~ mid 1970s
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@ MIT “hackers” “Unix time” 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1284544800
1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1957 – ARPANET @ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1957 – Sputnik
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original source code modified source code original binary
compilation (by computer) modification by programmer very difficult or impossible to modify directly modified source code modified binary
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Software Distribution
Berkeley Software Distribution image source:
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image source: http://upload. wikimedia
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© @ MIT “hackers” “Unix time” 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702 1284544800
430Ms (1983) 230Ms – BSD 1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL 1977 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1957 – ARPANET @ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1957 – Sputnik
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1984 image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rbocs.png
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© @ MIT “hackers” AT&T selling Unix 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702
430Ms (1983) 230Ms – BSD 1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL 1977 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1957 – ARPANET @ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1957 – Sputnik
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An “unencumbered” BSD
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© @ MIT “hackers” AT&T selling Unix 1951 – UNIVAC 1952 – IBM 702
430Ms (1983) 230Ms – BSD 1957 – FORTRAN 1959 – COBOL USL v BSDi 1977 1944 – Mark I 1946 – ENIAC 1955 – SAGE 1957 – ARPANET 1984 – GNU @ 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1957 – Sputnik
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Richard Stallman the GNU Project
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to be continued... (On week 3, we will first finish this lecture, then turn to software and culture.)
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