1. On the Rise of World Englishes
Henry Chan
Director (Education & Training)/Adjunct Professor of the University of Incarnate Word, Texas, USA
New Perspective Education

2. Englishes Traditional English-speaking Countries:
US, UK, Canada, Australia & New Zealand
South Africa, Singapore (1st language)
Expansing: China & India

3. China’s Situation Est. 300 million Chinese are learning English.
English required at every level of academic achievements:
Middle School Leaving Exam
University Entrance Exam (Gao Kao)
Undergraduate
Postgraduate

4. English = Imperialism?
Lingua franca （e.g.，India-Hindi，English is spoken in a variety of ways)
More and more people are learning English in the world
Courses & programs in English (European universities)
Increasing the ownership of English↗Englishes

5. Standard English vs Englishes
SE is declining
Only about 5% of British people can speak and write Standard English
RP in spoken
SE in written (standard grammar & elaborate sentences)

6. (Local)Englishes China English: Guanxi; pass掉
Hong Kong English: Dim Sum; Kai Fong
Singapore English: May I know what is regarding?
French: le Steak

7. Love & Hate About Englishes
Convenient
Ownership
Identity
Hate：
Not Understood by others
Devalue the SE
Time Consuming

8. Why Englishes？ Centre of learning has shifted. UK--------US
More and more people in the world are using English; variation is inevitable
Language is changing; can’t keep up with the change
There is no central agency to regulate English. Unlike Academie Francise
Emerge of different economic powers

9. Future Trend
More and more people will use local English for communication beyond the border.
Traditional English dictionaries will likely to add on the supplement for a variety of Englishes.
Gradually the distinction between the SE & local English(es) will be blurred.

10. World Englishes Database
In Griffth University, Aust
& HK Institute of Education
THANK YOU

11. Notes
Phillipson 1992; Pennycook, 1998, English is a clear expression of political, cultural and economic imperalism.
Huntington(1996, p.62): The people who speak English throughout the world also increasingly speak different Englishes. English is indigenzied and takes on local colorations which distinguishes it from British or American English and which,…