1. Our Natural Environment
Chapter 2

2. Our Natural Environment
Region: an area that shares common features that makes it different from other areas. i.e. language, making a living, culture, physical environment, climate, etc.
Scale: a way to determine the distance between two points. i.e. line scale. < > line scale
Physical distance: the measured distance between two points.
Time distance: the time it takes to get from one point to another.

3. Our Natural Environment
Time zones: a band, 15 degrees of longitude in width, in which all clock time is the same. The globe is divided into 24 time zones. Time zones to the East are 1 H ahead, and time zones to the West are 1 H behind.
International date line: the 180 degrees of longitude is called the date line because it marks the place where the calendar day begins.
Relief map: this map shows an area’s physical geography. Ex. Valleys, hills, altitude, etc.

4. Our Natural Environment
Relief map of Canada – Global Atlas p. 70
1) Name four areas where the land elevation is the highest in Canada. 
2) What point on the map is the highest place in Canada? How high is it?
3) What is the lowest elevation point in B.C., in the legend? 
4) Name a large island whose elevation is between meters. 
5) Most of the lowest elevation of land is near what physical feature of the world?

5. Our Natural Environment
Asia – p. 60
1) Would you consider central Asia to have high elevation or low elevation? 
2) Locate Mt. Everest - What is the elevation (altitude) for this mountain? 
3) Find the lowest elevation in Asia. Where is it located? How low is it? Why could it cause problems for this area?

6. Our Natural Environment
Map Assignment:
On your map of the Atlantic region, label the following:
The four Atlantic provinces
The capital city of each
Five major bodies of water
Color the map neatly, and submit for marks
Maps will be marked out of 15, with 2 marks toward the coloring / neatness.

8. Our Natural Environment
Read pp. 20 – 23. Understand “Finding distances on the ground” p. 20.
Measure:
1) Atlantic region from the northern most point to southern most point.
2) width of the Central region
3) width of Prairie region.
4) Pacific region from northern most to southern
5) width of Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut.
Answer p. 22 question 2 a, b ,& c.

9. Canadian Time Zones

10. Our Natural Environment
Time Zone Information Questions:
1) List the six time zones of Canada (east to west). 
2) Time moves __________ as you head towards the Atlantic. Time moves __________ as you head towards B.C. (ahead, behind)
3) Why were time zones established? (2 reasons)
4) Why is Newfoundland one-half hour later than Atlantic time? 
5) In what time zone do you live?

11. Our Natural Environment
1) George is flying from Charlottetown to Vancouver Island. How many time zones will he pass through?
2) If it is 9:00am in Victoria, BC, what time is it in Winnipeg, Manitoba?
3) How many hours ahead is Eastern time compared to Pacific time?
4) How many times would you change your watch if you traveled from PEI to Alaska?
5) If you were flying from Toronto, Ontario to Victoria, BC, what time would you land in Victoria if you left Toronto at 1:30pm Eastern Time, assuming it is a three hour flight?

12. Our Natural Environment
6) If there was a baseball game starting at 2:00pm in Quebec and it was being broadcast live, what time would the game start in Edmonton, Alberta? 
7) If it is 8:00am in Quebec City, Quebec, what time is it in Vancouver, BC? 
8) If it is 1:00am here, what time is it in Newfoundland? 
9) What are the time zones in Saskatchewan?

13. Our Natural Environment
10) If it was 12:00pm Pacific time, what time would it be in Newfoundland Standard time?
11) If it is 10:00pm in Regina, Sask. What time is it in Halifax, NS?
12) If it is 10:00am in Montreal, Quebec, what time is it in Toronto, Ontario?

14. Our Natural Environment
Land forms in Atlantic Canada p  
A mountain can be defined as a mass of land that is significantly higher than the surrounding area. Usually, a mountain has an elevation of 600m or more.  
Most mountains that are found in Atlantic Canada were formed through folding. Folding is a bending of the earth’s crust. 
The main system of mountains in Atlantic Canada is the Appalachian Mountains. These were once high and jagged but have been worn away over millions of years.

15. Our Natural Environment
A fiord is a long narrow inlet of the sea bordered by steep mountains. There are fiords found along the coast of Labrador. 
All fiords were once river valleys. During the last ice age, glaciers deepened these valleys and when the ice melted, the water filled the valleys, creating the fiords.

16. Our Natural Environment
Questions:
1) Give a general description of the land in the following areas:
a) northern New Brunswick
b) Cape Breton Island
c) northern Nova Scotia
d) PEI
e) western Newfoundland
f) eastern Newfoundland 
2) What has happened to the Appalachian mountains over the past 300 million years? Explain.

17. Our Natural Environment
3) Describe the land in Labrador. 
4) Write a note of 4-5 lines on fiords in Atlantic Canada. 
5) Identify or give a definition for the following:
a) mountain
b) upland region
c) valley
d) folding
e) Canadian Shield
f) glaciers

18. Our Natural Environment
Water forms:
Atlantic Canada has more than inland lakes, rivers and ponds.
A river is a long, narrow body of water that flows in a channel from high to low land and empties into a body of water such as an ocean or lake.
A lake is a body of water completely surrounded by land.
A pond is a fairly small body of still water.

19. Our Natural Environment
The type of water forms found in an area depends upon the underlying rock structure.
Igneous rock: formed from volcanic magma, contains thin soil not good for most crops, and has many lakes and ponds – NL, northern NB, northern Cape Breton and NS.
Sedimentary bedrock: formed by a build up of rock particles, contains thick soil good for crops, and tends to have more rivers and streams – PEI, St. John River Valley.

20. Our Natural Environment
Wetlands:
Water logged areas that have neither solid ground nor open water.
They take the form of bogs, swamps, fens, or marshes.
Swamps are wetlands occurring where water collects in pools, and contain mature trees such as black spruce.
Marshes are wetlands either seasonally or permanently covered by water. Stands of sedges, grasses, and rushes are divided by channels that carry off water very slowly.

21. Our Natural Environment
Bogs are wetlands made of peat and are fed only by rain or snow; the water table in a bog is near the surface in the spring but lower during the rest of the year.
Fens are wetlands composed of peat and are fed by streams. The water level is usually at or above the level of the peat land.
Ocean – very large body of salt water.
Gulf – very large area of the sea partially enclosed by land.
Bay – partially enclosed body of water that has an opening to the sea.

22. Our Natural Environment
Ch. 2 test review 
Know the following definitions: 
mountain lake region
pond folding wetland
fiord ocean upland region
gulf river bay 
Be able to label a map of Atlantic Canada with the following: 
4 Atlantic provinces 4 capital cities
5 major bodies of water

23. Our Natural Environment
Know what features distinguish one region from another. 
Know the 5 regions of Canada and what provinces make up each region. 
Why is our region referred to as Atlantic Canada? 
Know why we have time zones, and be able to determine what time it would be in other zones. 
Know 4 different types of wetlands, and what distinguishes one from another.