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Trends in licit and illicit drug-related deaths in Florida from 2001 to 2012
Dayong Lee, Chris Delcher, Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina, Lindsay A.L. Bazydlo, Jon R. Thogmartin, Bruce A. Goldberger Forensic Science International Volume 245, Pages (December 2014) DOI: /j.forsciint Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 List of drugs involved in deaths that were reported to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission from 2001 to MDA – 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDEA – 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine; MDMA – 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; GHB – gamma-hydroxybutyrate; PCP – phencyclidine. Forensic Science International , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 Annual drug-caused death rates for licit and illicit drugs in Florida, 2001–2012. The rates are expressed as occurrence per 100,000 population, based on the Resident Population estimates for Florida from the U.S. Census Bureau. Panel A includes opioids; Panel B includes benzodiazepines, carisoprodol, and zolpidem; Panel C includes cocaine, amphetamines, and inhalants; Panel D includes ethanol, illicit drugs (amphetamines, cocaine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, heroin, inhalants, and phencyclidine) and prescription drugs (benzodiazepines, carisoprodol/meprobamate, ketamine, opioids, and zolpidem). Refer to Fig. 1 for the list of drugs comprised a drug group each year. Drugs plotted with a dotted line use secondary y-axis. Forensic Science International , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 Relative lethality of fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone, and heroin (A) and alprazolam, cocaine, and ethanol (B) in Florida, 2001–2012. Heroin ratios are plotted in secondary y-axis. Relative lethality is defined as occurrence ratio of drug-caused to drug-present deaths each year. Forensic Science International , DOI: ( /j.forsciint ) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions
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