1. Grammar Esercitazioni di Inglese EGST 2016-2017
Dott.ssa Barbara Meloni 1

2. 3 May 2017 Lesson overview Revision of Past Perfect
Past Perfect Simple vs. Past Perfect Continuous
Used to
Future forms:will or going to?
Related Grammar & Listening Exercises 2

3. Revision of Past Perfect
Compare the following sentences:
a. When I got to the café, everyone ordered their drinks.
b. When I got to the café, everyone had ordered their drinks.
What is the difference between the two?

4. Past Perfect vs. Past Simple
When I got to the café, everyone ordered
their drinks. (= First, I got to the café, then
everyone ordered their drinks)
VS.
When I got to the café, everyone had ordered their drinks. (= First, everyone ordered their drinks, then I got to the café)

5. Revision of Past Perfect 1
“ Perfect” means “completed before”.
The Past Perfect Simple refers to an action in the past that was completed before another action in the past.
As soon as I saw Mick, I knew I had met him
before.

6. Past Perfect: Time adverbs
With the Past Perfect we often use already, never and by:
When I arrived at the conference
centre, the presentation had already started.

7. Revision of Past Perfect 2
The Past Perfect Continuous, in contrast,
refers to longer actions or repeated
activities.
We were exhausted because we’d been
working all day.

8. Used to Used to expresses a habit or state in the
past that is now finished:
I used to read comics when I was a kid (but I
don’t now)
This town didn’t use to be a nice place to
live, but then it changed.
Did you and your father use to play football
together?

9. Future 1: Will
WHAT VERBS CAN WE USE TO TALK ABOUT
THE FUTURE?

10. Future 1: Will WILL/WON’T BE GOING TO PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE
PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE

11. I ‘ll wait for you outside.
Future 1: Will
WHY DO WE USE WILL?
1. Instant decisions: when we decide to do something more or less at the time of speaking:
I ‘ll wait for you outside.
2. Promises: I’ll do the best I can.

12. WHY DO WE USE WILL?
3. Offers of help: I’ll carry the suitcase to the car.
4. Requests: Will you get me an espresso, please?

13. Why do we use “Be going to”?
We use BE + GOING TO + Infinitive to talk about plans and decisions that we have already made. The time can be near future or distant future.
I’m going to have a meeting with my bank
manager tomorrow.
We also use be going to for predictions, especially when there is a strong evidence in the present situation: We’re going to have problems: the machine is still broken.

14. Will or Going to?