1. Chapter 16
Toward Civil War

2. Search for Compromise Slavery in new territories was debated
Fugitive Slave Act
Fined or jailed for helping fugitive slave
Some Northerners ignored and juries didn’t convict
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Allowed people in each territory to vote on slavery: popular sovereignty

3. Kansas Conflict
Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed slavery in areas that were free and angered North
Armed, pro-slavery border ruffians went to Kansas for the election
May 1856 pro-slave forces attacked Lawrence, KS
John Brown led anti-slave forces
Newspaper wrote about “Civil War in Kansas”

4. Challenges to Slavery Dred Scott v. Sandford
Scott was Dr.’s slave in Missouri, then lived in free states
Sued for freedom since he lived in free states
Case went to Supreme Court
Scott wasn’t a citizen, so he couldn’t sue
Congress or voting couldn’t ban slavery

5. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Illinois Senate race of 1858
Debated slavery and popular sovereignty
Lincoln never fully came out against slavery
Douglas won election
Lincoln gain national acclaim

6. Harpers Ferry
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal (storage site for weapons) at Harpers Ferry, VA
Wanted to give guns to Slaves so they could revolt
Brown was defeated, convicted of treason and murder, and hanged
Became a martyr (person who dies for a cause)

7. Secession and War Lincoln not on all ballots in South, made south mad
North had more people, outvoted South
Lincoln wins election of 1860
South thought North would end slavery
South wanted compromise to set slavery boundary at ’, Republicans rejected

8. Confederacy Feb 1861, TX, LA, Miss, AL, FL, GA, SC secede
“Confederate States of America”
Jefferson Davis is president
Used states’ rights to justify
“Union didn’t enforce Fugitive Slave Act”
“Denied Southern states = rights in territories”
“Had the right to leave the union”

9. President Lincoln Took over March, 1861
VA, NC, KY, TN, Missouri, DE, MD, AR still Union
Said he wouldn’t allow secession
Got message from Fort Sumter, SC “low on supplies & Confederates demanded surrender”
Davis ordered attack, nobody died but South got it
Lincoln sent troops & VA, NC, TN, AR seceded