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SAGE 2016 GPR
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MOST COMMON GPR SURVEY METHOD
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IDEALIZED GPR RESPONSE
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Noggin Configurations
SmartHandle SmartCart SmartTow
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Received power is determined by losses due to:
RADAR PRINCIPLES Radar system performance (Q) is ratio of transmitted power (Pt) to receiver noise floor power (Pr) expressed in dB, Q = 10 log (Pt/Pr) [dB]. Received power is determined by losses due to: Spherical spreading Exponential attenuation Reflection and/or scattering Losses usually expressed in dB or dB/m
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Exponential Attenuation (Absorption)
Exponential absorption determined by loss tangent (tan d), tan d = lossy conduction currents/loss-less displacement currents = s/ (2pfe) where s: electrical conductivity f: frequency e: dielectric permittivity. Dielectric constant (K = e/eo), where eo is free space value. For low-loss materials, the attenuation (a) is a = (K)1/2 f tan d [dB/m].
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Sample Radar Range Considerations in dB
(Annan, 2003)
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(Annan, 2003)
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POTENTIAL RADAR EXPLORATION DEPTH
DEPTH (M)
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SAGE 2005
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SAGE 2006
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GPR 2007 Possible San Marcos Kiva
GRID J Average Amplitude Time Slice: 10 to 15 ns Room block 38?
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3-D GPR IMAGING Ice
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Mars Radar Sounders Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) (1.8 – 5.0 MHz) Launch Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) ( MHz) Launch
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MARS RADAR SOUNDER RESULTS
MARSIS 3.7 km-Deep SHARAD 1 km-Deep < 3.7 km-Deep Reflections from Debris-Layered Glacial Ice
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Pictured is deployment of 30 MHz radar system in 1964.
Historical Note “Earth” radar sounding (GPR) was developed in Antarctica in the 1940s and into the 60s. Pictured is deployment of 30 MHz radar system in 1964.
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1964 Oscilloscope Radar Recording in Antarctica
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Antarctic Oscilloscope Radar Recordings
Skelton Glacier ~ 1 km-Deep Bottom Echoes South Pole Bottom Echo, 33 ms ~2800 m
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