1. Anime Pioneers

2. Joseph Plateau
In 1832, Plateau and his sons introduced the Phenakistoscope which is a spindle viewer.
The first disc had slots around the edge, and the second had drawings of action, drawn around the disc in circles. 
When viewed in a mirror through the disc’s slots, the pictures on the second disc will appear to move

3. William George Horner William Horner invented the Zoetrope in 1834
A sequence of pictures on strips of paper are placed around the inner bottom of the drum.  Slots are cut at equal distances around the outer surface of the drum, just above where the picture strips were positioned. To create an illusion of motion, the drum is spun; the faster the rate of spin, the smoother the progression of images.  A viewer can look through the wall of the zoetrope from any point around it, and see a rapid progression of images.

4. Émile Reynaud
The Praxinoscope was the first invention of Émile Reynaud in 1876
Using a removable strip printed in a series of 12 drawings with 12 mirrors that makeup a repeating movement.
A candlestick with a lampshade is placed on top of it. The animation can be seen with low light by several people
The viewer sees one drawing at once – the one reflected in the small mirror he has in front of him. With the rotation of the drum, the images replace each other without being hidden

5. 2 key films

6. Scanner darkly http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m6pHv8qpZ4
first full length film created using rotoscoping - digitally - rotoshop
films can be made using his technique even if they are unsuccessful
23 days to film
1.5yr to animate
50 animators

7. Yellow submarine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vefJAtG-ZKI
The film contained music, a spirit and an amazing look
a more positive attitude about life and reminded them it was okay to smile and have fun
animated TV commercials – 7UP [