1. to study the general characteristics of medically
Objectives:
to study the general characteristics of medically
important tapeworms including their morphology,
life cycle,habitat,nutrition, pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis. -

2. They have ribbon- like shape, flattened dorsoventrally & segmented .
Cestodes ( tape worms)
General characters
They have ribbon- like shape, flattened dorsoventrally & segmented .
All tapeworms have indirect life cycle except Hymenolepis nana.
Adult tapeworm inhabits the small intestine of vertebrates. While the larvae inhabit the tissues of vertebrates & invertebrates.
All tapeworms are hermaphrodites,
They have no gut or digestive tract,absorption of nutrient materials takes place through tegument (body wall). .
Adult tapeworms produce minimal intestinal irritation and few systemic effects(mechanical and chemical effects).

3. Morphology of adult tapeworms ;
Adult tapeworm divided in to ;
-Scolex or head provided with attachment organs .
-Neck or region of growth .
-Strobila or chain of segments or proglottids ;
1-Immature proglottids .
2-Mature proglottids.
3-Gravid proglottids.

4. Types of cestodes larvae;
A - Bladder larvae :
1-Cysticercus : e.g. T. solium, T. saginata.
2-Cysticercoid: e.g. Hymenolepis spp.
3-Hydatid cyst : e.g. Echinococcus spp.
4-Coenurus: e.g. Taenia multiceps.
B – Solid larvae:
1-Procercoid: e.g. D. latum.
2-Plercercoid (sparganum): e.g. D. latum.

5. Taenia saginata(beef tape worm)
-Disease ; Taeniasis
Beef tapeworm infection
-Habitat ;Upper part of
small intestine –
Proglottides;
Length;4-10 m
Morphology;
-Morphology
1-Scolex (unarmed)
2-Neck

6. 3- Strobila; -Immature Mature Gravid
Gravid segment ;15 – 30 lateral uterine branches

7. Bladder larvae :
Cysticercus bovis : a true
bladder worm, It is oval in
shape, has fluid- filled
membranous bladder with
invaginated unarmed scolex.

8. Egg of Taenia spp.(S. S. C. C.) size;36 micron, shape; globular or spherical, color; yellowish brown contents; Taenia spp. eggs contain an embryo that is called an oncosphere or hexacanth embryo ,surrounded by thick,
radially striated embryophore. The egg surrounded by delicate egg shell.

10. - Pathogenesis, pathology & symptomatology
-Intestinal disturbance
-Acute intestinal obstruction
-Appendicitis
-Hunger pain
-Systemic intoxication
-Mental worried and embarrassment

11. Diagnosis
1-General stool examination ( egg and gravid segment )
2-Perianal swab (Scotch tape slide technique)
3-Examination of scolex (after medication)
Treatment
Niclosamide, praziquantel and mebendazole.

12. Taenia solium ( pork tapeworm )

13. Disease: Taeniasis or pork tape worm infection. Habitat: upper part of
Taenia solium (pork tape worm)
Disease: Taeniasis or pork tape worm infection.
Habitat: upper part of
Small intestine of man.
Adult:
Length: 2-8 m
Scolex: armed scolex
Strobila;

14. 7 – 13 lateral branches

15. Larva: Cysticercus cellulosae
Membranous bladder with
Invaginated armed scolex

17. Cysticercosis : human tissue infection with
cysticercus cellulosae
Hetero – infection.
Auto – infection:
External auto-infection.
Internal auto-infection.

18. Intestinal obstruction Appendicitis Abdominal pain and discomfort
Pathogenesis ,pathology and symptomatology;
Adult worm:
Intestinal obstruction
Appendicitis
Abdominal pain and discomfort
Peritonitis in rare cases .

19. Larval stage:
Severity of cysticercosis depend on :
Location, Size, Number of larvae and host immune response
•Clinical manifestations depend on size of the larvae and type of tissue invaded,mainly it takes place in subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, brain and eye.

20. Diagnosis
Adult:
Egg in stool sample(microscopic exam.)
Gravid segment(macroscopic exam.)
Scolex
Larvae:
Histopathological exam. of biopsy materials.
Serology
Radiology, CT scan & MRI.

21. Taenia multiceps (gid worm)
Adult worm , from 40 – 60 cm in length , the scolex with
double circle of hooks, it is found in the small intestine
of dogs , wolves and foxes .
Larval stage is called Coenurus cerebralis is found in CNS
of herbivores mammals ( sheep , goat and cattle)
, man infected accidentally.
larval stage produce a disease known as cerebral and ocular coenurosis .

22. Coenurus larva
Of T.multiceps