1. What do athletes eat and why?

2. Introduction to Energy
Describe how the breakdown of ATP occurs to provide energy
State the main sources of energy for the replenishment of ATP and describe how they are used

3. WHAT DO ATHLETES EAT AND WHY?
In pairs write down answer on A3 sheet

4. All chemical reactions in cells need a molecule called ATP to provide them with energy.
ATP is the ‘energy currency’ of the cells.
Energy is the capacity to do work
Energy is measured in joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ)

5. ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
ATPase
ENERGY
ADP + Pi + ENERGY!

6. How does ATP provide energy?
Each cell contains a ‘pool’ of ATP which is used to provide energy – enough for 2-3 seconds of exercise
The energy in ATP is chemical potential energy between the phosphate bonds.
ATP is hydrolysed (broken down using water) by the enzyme ATPase to produce ADP + Pi (ADP = adenosine diphosphate + phosphate group)
In this reaction the bonds between the final phosphate group is broken, releasing energy
Enzymes can use this energy to drive chemical reactions.
Once ATP has been broken down, it can be reformed from ADP + P using energy from fuels such as glucose

7. ATP – ADP Cycle Energy input from fuels e.g. glucose ATP Synthesis +
ADP + Pi
ATP
ATP Breakdown by ATPase
Energy released to be used by cells

8. Resynthesising ATP Energy Source Where is it found in the body?
How much energy/ ATP can it make?
How it is used to synthesise ATP
Phospho-creatine (PCr)
Glycogen
Triglycerides
Protein

9. Energy Source
Where is it found in the body?
How much energy/ ATP can it make?
How it is used to synthesise ATP
Phospho-creatine (PCr)
Small amounts stored in the muscle cells
1 ATP per PCr molecule
PCr is broken down into P and Cr, and this releases enough energy to synthesise ATP
Glycogen
Muscle (350g) and liver (100g)
2 ATP per glucose in high intensity, anaerobic conditions,
38 ATP per glucose in low intensity, aerobic conditions.
Yields 4kcal/gram
Glycogen is broken down into glucose which is used in anaerobic or aerobic respiration.

10. Only used when glycogen stores are running out, amino acids are converted into a molecule that is used in aerobic respiration
Similar to carbohydrate – yields 4kcal/gram
muscle tissue itself
Protein
Triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which go through a process called beta oxidation, and can then be used as fuel for aerobic respiration when plenty of oxygen is available. Used in conjunction with glycogen.
Over twice as much per gram as compared to glycogen – yields 9kcal/gram.
Muscle stores and stores in adipose tissue around the body.
Triglycerides
How it is used to synthesise ATP
How much energy/ ATP can it make?
Where is it found in the body?
Energy Source

11. Write down the 3 key points of this lesson!
Whiteboard or App

12. Exam Question
Gymnastic events can last up to 90 seconds. Explain how the majority of energy is provided for these events.
(7 marks)

13. Mark scheme 7 marks for 7 of: A. Anaerobic/without oxygen
B. (during first few seconds) stored ATP splits/breaks down initially/ATP breaks down to ADP + P + energy
C. ATP-PC/system/phosphocreatine system/alactic system
D. PC = C + P(i) + energy/creatine + phosphate/PC broken down;
E. Energy used for ATP resynthesis/ADP + P + energy = ATP/ADP + PC = ATP + C;
F. Lasts 5-10 seconds/limited supply
G. Lactic acid system/Lactate anaerobic system
H. Glycogen/glucose breakdown
I. Glycolysis
J. To pyruvate/pyruvic acid
K. Lactate/lactic acid formed