Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration."— Presentation transcript:

1 CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration

2 7.1 SUNLIGHT POWERS LIFE AUTOTROPHS Makes its own food
Also called PRODUCERS - produce organic molecules to serve as food for their ecosystem Ex: plants/algae transform sun’s energy to sugar – PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3 can’t make their own food
HETEROTROPHS can’t make their own food Also called CONSUMERS- consumes other organisms, depend on producers for food

4 Many organisms harvest energy stored in foods through. . .
CELLULAR RESPIRATION – chemical process uses O2 to convert energy in food into ATP ATP-main energy supply for plants and animals

5 7.2 FOOD STORES CHEMICAL ENERGY
ENERGY- ability to perform work 3 types of energy: KINETIC- energy of motion Ex: climbing up stairs

6 2. POTENTIAL-energy that is stored due to objects position/arrangement
Ex: the motion of climbing stairs is kinetic energy-once you reach the top of a slide the energy becomes potential- when you slide down a slide, the energy becomes kinetic

7 O2 converts molecules such as fats, carbohydrates, proteins into ATP
3. CHEMICAL Potential to perform work based on the arrangement of atoms within molecules O2 converts molecules such as fats, carbohydrates, proteins into ATP Releases potential energy

8 Different forms of energy may be
interconverted, as in this example of the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy And finally into heat (thermal energy)

9 7.3 PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) - “adenosine”- made of adenine and ribose “triphosphate”– three phosphate groups

10 When ATP is involved in a chemical reaction phosphate bonds are broken releasing energy
When one phosphate group is removed, ATP becomes ADP

11 ATP CYCLE ATP continually converted to ADP
ATP is “recyclable” – can be restored by adding a phosphate group

12 REVIEW Which type of organism can make its own food?
Which type cannot make its own food? When you walk up stairs you are using this type of energy? When you are at the top of the stairs you have this type of energy. What is the main energy supply for plants and animals?

13 ATP is produced through this process.
Explain how humans get energy from the sun. What does ATP stand for? How does ATP release energy? ATP is continually converted into what molecule?

14 Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration’s main function is to generate ATP for cellular work

15 Structure of the Mitochondria

16 A Road Map for Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration consists of a series of reactions. A specific enzyme catalyzes each reaction. The three reactions that take place are: Stage 1: Glycolysis Stage 2: The Krebs Cycle Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain

17

18 Stage 1:Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Reaction: Sugar (6C)  2 Pyruvates (3C) Produces: 2 ATP molecules 2 NADH2 How does the Pyruvic Acid get into the Mitochondrion? Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA! Transition Reaction - Let’s take a look!

19 Stage 2: Krebs Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria
Cyclical series of reactions which breaks down acetyls releasing CO2 Produces: 2 ATP’s 6 NADH2 2 FADH2

20 Only 4 ATP’s have been formed during:
Up to this point, the molecule of glucose has been broken down to form 4 CO2’s Only 4 ATP’s have been formed during: Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle Potential energy of NADH2 and FADH2 can be released in Electron Transport Chain

21 Stage 3:Electron Transport Chain
Occurs along inner membrane of mitochondrion

22 Electron Transport Chain
Hydrogen ions are stripped of their energy, and large amounts of ATP are formed. Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The used ions and Hydronium are combined with oxygen to form H2O. Produces: 34 ATP

23 Adding Up the ATP Molecules
Electron transport chain 34 ATP

24 7.6 Some Cells can produce ATP without oxygen being present
If oxygen is not present, fermentation allows cells to make ATP

25 Fermentation In Human Muscles
Fermentation produces 2 ATP’s per molecule of glucose broken down Fermentation can make enough ATP for short bursts of activity such as a sprint to catch the bus!

26 Exercise and Lactic Acid Fermentation
If muscles use oxygen faster than it can be delivered by the lungs, then they switch to anaerobic respiration. Fermentation in muscle cells produces Lactic Acid This causes fatigue, pain, & cramps. This is the burn you feel when you exercise!

27 Fermentation in Microorganisms
Yeast, when in an anaerobic environment, ferment sugar and other foods This produces ALCOHOL! Thus, it is called alcoholic fermentation CO2 is released Yeast are used in the making of bread, wine, and beer making Fungi and bacteria produce lactic acid during fermentation and are used to produce cheese products

28 Review of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

29 REVIEW What does ATP stand for? Why is ATP recyclable?
What are the products of cellular respiration? Why is mitochondria folded? What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Where does glycolysis occur?

30 8. What is produced from glycolysis?
Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur? What is produced from the Kreb’s cycle? Where does electron transport occur? What is formed from electron transport? When does fermentation occur? What is produced from fermentation in muscles? What is produced from fermentation in microorganisms?


Download ppt "CHAPTER 7 Cellular Respiration."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google