1. Chapter 3: Early Colonies

2. Types of Charters
Corporate Colonies: Joint-stock companies, ex: Jamestown
Royal Colonies under direct authority of the King, ex: Virginia
Proprietary Colonies: authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the King, ex: Maryland and Pennsylvania

3. Chesapeake Bay Colonies
Virginia
Maryland

4. Virginia
1607 – Jamestown
Poor relations with Native Americans (Powhatan)
John Smith helped save colony from death by requiring everyone to work and teaching agriculture.
Shortage of labor
Indentured Servants (4-7 years, headright system (50 acres given to anyone who could pay to bring over an indentured servant) and slavery (1619)
By 1660, House of Burgess solidified slavery by making children of slaves, slaves.
Tobacco
Harsh conditions (weather, disease, etc.)
Imbalance of men to women

6. Powhatan uprising of 1662 Surprise attack killed ¼ of Jamestown
In the aftermath, the Powhatan chief agreed to peace negotiations, at which two of the Jamestown leaders poisoned them. 200 Powhatan died.

8. Bacon’s Rebellion:
Nathaniel Bacon organized a rebellion due to low tobacco prices and Berkeley’s policies which favored large farmers and angered small backwoods farmers who were not protected from Indian attack.
Burned Jamestown settlement.
Bacon died and army collapsed.
Highlighted a) class differences between wealthy and poor farmers and b) colonial resistance to royal control.
Moved labor toward slavery as large planters saw white servants as unreliable labor.

9. Maryland

10. Maryland Refuge for Catholics
Friendlier relations with Native Americans
Lord Baltimore was a Catholic nobleman
Southern colonies transition to slavery because
Not as much white labor
Cheaper slaves as English participation in the slave trade grew
Bacon’s rebellion

12. New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Conneticut
New Hampshire
Vermont

13. Massachusetts James I and Charles I persecuted the Puritans
1620- Puritans come over on the Mayflower
William Bradford, Governor
(Absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 founded by John Winthrop “City on a Hill”)
Harvard started in 1636
University trained ministers
Tight knit communities
Strong community values
Town hall meetings
Education/Literacy

15. Rhode Island Roger Williams founded- Massachusetts Minister
He was in conflict with Puritan leaders and banished. Settled in Providence in 1636
Anne Hutchinson also banned for teaching against Puritans
1) recognized rights of Native Americans
2) Religious toleration

17. King Phillip’s War, 1676
King Philip's War, sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, or Metacom's Rebellion, was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–78. The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Metacomet, known to the English as "King Philip"
Most devastating war in New England
War ended when Metacomet died.

19. St. Lawrence to Hudson New York (previously New Netherland) New Jersey
1626- Dutch buy Manhattan from Iriquois
Dutch settlers
Wars between English and Dutch
1664- Charles II gives York takes over from Dutch and inhibits democracy
Religiously diverse and tolerant
New Jersey
James gives two friends part of NY and makes NJ

20. Other colonies during late 17th century- during Restoration
1663-Carolina given to a group by Charles II thanking them for their loyalty.
Originally based on fur, rice takes over as crop –most brutal slavery
1701- North and South Carolina became separate colonies.
North Carolina mostly white families, South Carolina less no with more slavery

21. Quakers

22. Pennsylvania Quakers were widely persecuted for their beliefs
William Penn was left wealth from his father who was owed a favor by the royals. Land grant given in 1681
Very tolerant of all religions
Acknowledged Native American rights to land

23. Delaware and Georgia Delaware Georgia
Formed from two counties of Penn in 1702
Georgia
1732 chartered to be a buffer zone from Spanish Florida
Prisoners and debtors sent there
James Oglethorpe
Did not prosper.
1752- became a royal colony
Plantation slavery

24. Pope’s Revolt

25. New Spain’s Northern Frontier
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 — also known as Popé's Rebellion — was an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe De Nuevo Mexico, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province

26. Queen Anne’s War- 1701 Between England and Spain
Carolinas attacked Florida
Spain was devastated and unable to reconquer
English and French remain in Florida

27. Glorious Revolution Overthrow of Catholic James II
Lasting political changes
The Dominion of New England collapsed
Some colonies became royal colonies with governors appt by king
The Revolution allowed colonists to receive their rights, but Parliament decided that every person under the rule of England was to be virtually represented. The acts (Stamp Act, Currency Act, and Sugar Act) passed by England kindled the colonists resistance from English rule.

28. Witch Trials
1692
Causes ????
Generational differences between older Puritans and less religious youth
Family animosity
Population growth
Tensions between agricultural farmland and commercial Salem Town
Food poisoning
Hysteria about Native American wars
Weak position of women in Puritan society