1. The 40th Iaee International Conference
Residential Electricity Consumption and Time-use Measured Lifestyle: Quantifying the impacts of urbanization in China
The 40th Iaee International Conference
Pui Ting Wong, Yuan Xu
The Chinese University of Hong Kong

2. OUTLINE Background information Methodology Time Use Model Data Source
Result & Discussion
Result
Data Collection Method
Conclusion

3. Background Information

4. Background Global urbanization
United Nations. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision,. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53). New York,. Retrieved from
(Source: United Nations, 2015)

5. Background Urbanization in China (Source: United Nations, 2015)
United Nations. (2015). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision,. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53). New York,. Retrieved from
Add one more sentence on reform
With the initiation of the ‘‘Reform and Opening-Up’’ policy in 1978, China entered the high-speeded urbanization process.
(Source: United Nations, 2015)

6. Background Urbanization in China
New-type Urbanization Plan ( )
⬆ 100 millions urban people within 6 years
 What is the impact of urbanization on residential energy use in China? How?
 Bai, X., Shi, P., & Liu, Y. (2014). Realizing China ’ s urban dream. Nature, 5 0 9(May 8), 158–160.
(Source: Bai, Shi, & Liu, 2014)

7. Background Urbanization & Residential energy consumption
National Bureau of Statistics. (1990). Chinese Energy Statistical Yearbook China Statistics Press.
Top-down: test the causal relationship between urbanization and energy consumption
Bottom-up to reveal causes or mechanisms behind: Consumer lifestyle approach (monetary expense as the quantifier)
Yet, these approach failed to capture the temporal dimension of lifestyle.
(Source: National Bureau of Statistics, ; Department of Energy Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics, )

8. ? Background Urbanization & Time Use Pattern
National Bureau of Statistics. (2009). Time Use Patterns in China: Abstract of the 2008 Time Use Survey. China Statistics Press.
- Time use pattern, which
(Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2009)

9. Residential Electricity Consumption
Conceptual framework
Lifestyle
Time Use Pattern
Residential Electricity Consumption
Urbanization
By End-use:
Residential building use
Personal transport use
By Final consumption:
Coal, Natural Gas, Heat, Electricity, Petroleum, etc
By End-use:
Residential building use
Personal transport use
By Final consumption:
Coal, Natural Gas, Heat, Electricity, Petroleum, etc
To sum up, this research aims to study how urbanization indirectly affect residential energy consumption via influencing residents’ time use pattern.
To explore how urbanization affect residential energy consumption (first)
To predict the level of residential energy consumption in various urbanization path

10. Methodology

11. Methodology Time-use Model Residential Electricity Consumption
Lifestyle
Time spent on activity i (Ti)
Technological efficiency
Energy intensity of activity i (EIi)

12. Methodology China: Data Source
Average time spent on activity i ( 𝑻 𝒊 )
Energy intensity of activity i ( 𝑬𝑰 𝒊 )
2008 Chinese Time Use Survey
2012 Chinese Residential Energy Consumption Survey
Administered by: National Bureau of Statistics Social Science Division
Time: May, 2008
Sample: individuals from 10 provinces
Data: Time use diary in a interval of 10minutes, detailing
Type of activity
Location
Duration of activity
Weekday/Weekend
Person whom involved in the activity
Secondary Activity
Administered by: The Renmen University of China
Time:  2012
Sample: 1450 households in 26 provinces.
Data: 
Number of appliance owned
Year of purchase
Type of appliance
Appliance energy efficiency grade
Appliance energy intensity
Frequency of usage
Average time per usage
Energy intensity of activity i ( 𝑬𝑰 𝒊 )
Cut
Characteristics of appliances owned
Appliance Usage Behaviors

13. All appliance, except those used for cooking
Methodology  Application in China: Data Processing
Step 1: Estimating average energy intensity of appliances per hour of usage, based on
Type of appliance
Factor
Background
Indoor Comfort
Activity-related
All appliance, except those used for cooking
Cooking appliance*
Wattage of appliance ✔
Appliance Ownership
Frequency of usage
Average time per use
Cut

14. Research Task 1 Application in China: Data Processing
Step 2: Assigning household appliance into activity
Household Appliance
Activity
Based on:
Occupancy pattern of activity
Nature of appliance
Relevance of appliance and activity
Cut
Outside
(Not at home)
Passive Occupied
(At home, but asleep)
Active Occupied
(At home and awake)
Background ✔
Indoor comfort
Activity-related

15. Research Task 1 Application in China: Data Processing
Energy Intensity
Equation
Background
𝐸𝐼 0 = 𝑚=1 𝑁 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,0 × 𝑂 𝑚 / 𝑃 ℎℎ
Thermal Comfort
𝐸𝐼 1 = 𝑚=1 𝑁 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,1 × 𝑂 𝑚,1 × 𝐹 𝑚,1 / 𝑃 𝑗,𝑖
Activity-related
𝐸𝐼 𝑗,𝑖 = 𝑚=1 𝑁 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,j,𝑖 × 𝑂 𝑚,j,i × 𝐹 𝑚,j,i / 𝑃 𝑗,𝑖
Activity-related: Cooking
𝐸𝐼 𝑗,𝑖 = 𝑚=1 𝑁 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,j,𝑖 ×𝑂 m,j,i × 𝐹 𝑚,j,i ×𝑇 𝑚 𝑇 𝑗,𝑖 / 𝑃 𝑗,𝑖
𝑗=1 𝑁
EIi =
Cut
𝐸𝐼 𝑖 : Energy Intensity of activity i;
𝐸𝐼 𝑚,0 / 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,1 / 𝐸𝐼 𝑚,𝑖,𝑗 : Energy Intensity of household appliance m in idle (0)/ for thermal comfort (1)/ related to activity class j (j)
𝑂 𝑚 : Ownership of household appliance m
𝐹 𝑚 : Frequency of using household appliance m
𝑇 𝑗.𝑚 : Average time per use of household appliance m

16. Methodology Calibration: Actual vs Estimated Result
Ratio of Urban to Rural:
Estimated is 2.9% higher than the actual one.
Actual
1.57
Estimated
1.61
Residential electricity consumption by activity categories

17. Methodology Decomposition Analysis
Complete decomposition analysis (Sun, 1998)
Complete decomposition analysis was firstly proposed by Sun (1998), distributing the interaction (residual) equally among independent variables based on the “jointly created and equally distributed” principle. This approach gives perfect decomposition with no unexplained residual in the result and has been widely applied to energy problem, especially when dealing with the issues with two to three factors
T­effect
Contribution of the difference in time use on urban-rural differential in residential energy consumption
EI­effect
Contribution of the difference in energy intensity of activity on urban-rural differential in residential energy consumption

18. Result & Discussion

19. Result Decomposition analysis Time effect (Teffect): 1.1 %
Intensity effect (EIeffect): 98.9%

20. Discussion Decomposition analysis

21. Result & Discussion Decomposition analysis: Discussion
Ti: Urban-Rural
Urban-Rural:
∆Thome, except SNA
0.48hour/person/day
∆Toutside, except SNA
1.74hour/person/day
∆TSNA
-2.19hour/person/day

22. Result & Discussion Decomposition analysis: Result

23. Result & Discussion Decomposition analysis: Result
Refrigerator ←
Air Conditioner
Electric Water Heater
Intensity Effect (Background)
33.3%
Intensity Effect (Indoor Comfort)
28.1%
Intensity Effect (Activity-related)
37.5%
Time Effect
1.1%

24. Result & Discussion Decomposition analysis: Discussion
Ownership of appliance
- More investigation on the contribution of various appliance
More investigation on the contribution of various factors
Whether ownership (income) is the ma
Appliance Wattage

25. Per-person day residential electricity consumption (Left)
Urban-Rural Ratio (Right)
Change in appliance ownership from 1900 to 2013

26. Conclusion & Limitation
By decomposing urban-rural difference in residential energy consumption, we concluded that
Energy intensity of the activity is the major contributor on urban-rural difference in residential electricity consumption in China.
Appliance ownership is contributor of urban-rural difference in residential electricity consumption.
Yet,
the importance of time use pattern should not be underestimated.
Limitations & Future Work:
Lack of data on type of appliances used by activity
 Future Work: Conduct a survey in China
Conclusion:
Appliance ownership, especially those high energy-consuming appliance is the major contributor of urban-rural difference in residential energy consumption.
Yet, the importance of time use pattern still cannot be neglected, as it serve as the multiplier.
Ask how urbanization affect residential electricity consumption.
By decomposing the urban-rural difference in residential energy consumption, we concluded that urbanization in urbanization leaded to the increase in residential electricity consumption mainly because,
1) Higher energy intensity of the activity via
Higher ownership.
Yet, even though time effect only accounted for a little, the importance of time use cannot be neglected, as .
Future work:
Survey on appliance usage behavior in term of activity
Type of appliance used in corresponding to type of activity
 Future Work: Survey on the appliance usage behavior in term of activity.

27. Pui Ting Wong