1. British Literature Ms. Sullens
Beowulf
British Literature
Ms. Sullens

2. What is Beowulf? An Old English epic poem
Epic poem: long, narrative poem that is usually about heroic deeds and events that are significant to the culture of the poet
Written in an elevated style
Considered one of the oldest pieces of Old English poetry
Also considered the longest epic poem at 3182 lines

3. Who wrote it? No one knows
Scholars believe “The Beowulf Poet” was most likely a Christian monk
This would explain the Christian influences found within the poem
A manuscript was found in the 11th century, but the poem was told orally for many centuries before that
This is the only remaining manuscript  

4. Literary Devices Alliteration Caesura Kenning
Motif: recurring image, symbol, or theme in a work of literature
Christian/Biblical allusion
Pagan customs
Traits of the warrior
Boasting

5. Three Parts to the story
Beowulf can be divided into three parts, each a representation of evil
The battle with Grendel
The battle with Grendel’s mother
The battle with the dragon

6. Where does the story take place?
Geatland (modern day Sweden) and Denmark
Not England

7. What is Beowulf about?
Beowulf, a Geat warrior, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, a Danish king whose mead hall, Herot, is under attack by a monster called Grendel. Beowulf defeats Grendel, believing that the hall is safe once again, but much to everyone’s surprise, Grendel’s mother avenges her son, killing many warriors and wreaking havoc in the mead hall. The rest of the epic poem tells of Beowulf’s quest to defeat Grendel’s mother, and later a dragon, to keep the Danes safe and to obtain glory and reputation.

9. Characteristics of an epic hero

10. 1. noble birth
Most epic heroes will have an above average station in life
They will be kings, princes, or nobles of some sort

11. 2. Capable of deeds of great strength
Basically, this means the hero has the potential for great deeds
The magnitude of these actions are well above and beyond what the commoner does
While most epic heroes are good, not all are

12. 3. Great warrior
Before the hero of an epic does his business in the epic, he has usually established himself in combat during a war
Sometimes, as in The Iliad, we see the hero at war
In most, like Beowulf and The Odyssey, the hero has spent much time in battle

13. 4. Travels over a vast setting
You cannot be an epic hero if you stay in your village your whole life
The more countries or areas traveled to, the better. The farther away from your own country, the better
Distance makes the hero’s actions greater because they aren’t selfish; they are for another country or people

14. 6. Faces supernatural foes and has supernatural help
5. National heroism
Reflects the values and ideals of a society
6. Faces supernatural foes and has supernatural help
This is what makes a hero’s action epic: they fight something mere mortals cannot battle. Beowulf has his Grendel; Odysseus his Cyclops
For each hero, the enemy is unique. You won’t see two heroes battling the same foe

15. The hero’s journey (monomyth)

17. 1. The ordinary world 2. The call to adventure
The hero is introduced sympathetically so the audience can identify with the situation or dilemma
Basically we’re supposed to like the epic hero
2. The call to adventure
Something shakes up the situation and the hero has to leave his or her comfort zone

18. 4. Supernatural mentor/helper
3. Refusal of the cALL
The hero feels the fear of the unknown and tries to turn away from the adventure
4. Supernatural mentor/helper
The hero comes across a seasoned traveler of the worlds who gives him or her training, equipment, or advice that will help on the journey.  Or the hero reaches within to a source of courage and wisdom.

19. 5. Crossing the threshold to the unknown world
The hero commits to leaving the Ordinary World and entering a new region or condition with unfamiliar rules and values
6.Tests allies/enemies
The hero is tested and sorts out allegiances in the Special World

20. 7. Approach the inmost cave
The hero and newfound allies prepare for the major challenge in the Special world
8. The ordeal
Near the middle of the story, the hero enters a central space in the Special World and confronts death or faces his or her greatest fear. 
Out of the moment of death comes a new life

21. 9. The reward 10. The road back
The hero takes possession of the treasure won by facing death. 
There may be celebration, but there is also danger of losing the treasure again
10. The road back
About three-fourths of the way through the story, the hero is driven to complete the adventure, leaving the Special World to be sure the treasure is brought home. 
Often a chase scene signals the urgency and danger of the mission.

22. 11. The resurrection 12. Return with elixir
The hero is severely tested once more on the threshold of home. 
He or she is purified by a last sacrifice, another moment of death and rebirth, but on a higher and more complete level
By the hero’s action, the conflict at the beginning is finally resolved
12. Return with elixir
The hero returns home or continues the journey, bearing some element of the treasure that has the power to transform the world as the hero has been transformed.

23. Can you think of other epic heroes in either movies or books?
Modern epic heroes
Luke skywalker Harry potter Katniss Everdeen Shrek marlin Frodo
Can you think of other epic heroes in either movies or books?