1. Ch. 1 - Matter I. Properties & Changes in Matter (p.2-7)
Extensive vs. Intensive
Physical vs. Chemical
States of Matter
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2. Introduction
Chemistry studies the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
A Chemical refers to any substance that has a definite chemical composition.
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3. A. Branches of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry- studies carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry- studies non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)
Physical Chemistry- studies the changes of matter in relation to energy.
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4. A. Branches of Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry- identifies the components and composition of materials.
Biochemistry- studies the processes occurring in living things.
Theoretical Chemistry- utilizes mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds.
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5. A. Building Blocks of Matter
Matter can be defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
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6. A. Building Blocks of Matter
Atom- the smallest unit of an element that maintains its chemical identity.
Element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down and is made of one type of atom. Ex- Carbon
Compound- a substance made up of the atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. Ex- H2O
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7. B. Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of the substance, not the amount
All substances, whether it’s an element or compound, has characteristic properties that can be used to identify them. Properties are either Intensive or Extensive…
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8. B. Extensive vs. Intensive
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
intensive
extensive
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9. C. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
Properties can also be grouped into two general types…
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10. C. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: melting point flammable density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical
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11. C. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
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12. C. Physical vs. Chemical Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat
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13. C. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical
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14. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.
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15. B. Four States of Matter Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume
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16. B. Four States of Matter Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume
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17. B. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume
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18. B. Four States of Matter Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs
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