1. Notes Check
Get out all your Cornell Notes from the Renaissance and Reformation.
Get out your learning target worksheet.
**I will come around to check notes after attendance. Be ready when I get to you!

2. Student Learning Targets
I can identify why the first explorers came to America.
I can identify new technologies that allowed for exploration.
I can identify the major explorers and their impact on this time period.
I can identify new findings and trade opportunities discovered during this time period.
I can explain major vocab from this unit.

3. Renaissance Test Analysis
Get out your learning target worksheet from last unit.
Once you receive your test complete the reflection side.

4. What can you change for this unit?
What can you work on the improve your scores and studying for this next unit?
What is your plan for getting an “A” on the next test?
What steps can you take to make sure you follow this plan?

5. Bell Work 11-30-16 Get out a pen or pencil to write with.
Turn to a new page in your notes. (It can be a half sheet of paper)
Clear your desk of everything else.

6. Exploration Pre-Test
Number your paper 1-8

7. Voyages & Adventures European Exploration Pt. 1
Glory, God & Gold
Voyages & Adventures
European Exploration Pt. 1

8. Glory, God & Gold The 3 reasons for European Exploration!
Glory- *Become famous,
*Win prestige for your country
God- *Spread Christianity to new lands
Gold- *Become Rich!

9. The Spice Islands

10. Over land from Asia to Italy
Europe
Old Trade Route
Over land from Asia to Italy
China
India
Indies

11. Muslims and Italians control trade from East to West:
Muslims sold Asian goods (like spices) to Italian merchants, who then resold the items at increased prices to merchants throughout Europe.
Other European traders did not like this, paying high prices to the Italians severely cut into their own profits.
Other European nations wanted to bypass (go around) the Italian traders
The way to do that was to find an all water route to Asia.

12. Improvements in Navigation
Advances in sailing technology enable Europeans to explore other parts of the world.
Better maps, made from ships following the coasts
better ships- Caravel
Astrolabe
Magnetic compass
knowledge of wind patterns
printing press was used to spread this knowledge

13. New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps
Astrolabe (1532)
Printing Press
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

14. The Caravel The caravel makes it possible to sail against the wind
Triangular sails for maneuverability & square sails for power
The shallow depth of the ship’s keel below the water allowed it to explore close to shore
Large cargo area could hold the numerous supplies needed for long voyages.
The average Caravel was 65 feet long

15. Sails could be adjusted to sail against the wind

16. The Astrolabe makes navigation easier:
A brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using the rings to sight the stars, a sea captain could calculate latitude (how far north or south the ship was) invented around the end of the 1400’s.

17. The magnetic compass improves tracking of direction (Chinese invention)

18. Sextant
A navigational instrument incorporating a telescope & an angular scale that is used to work out latitude & longitude.
Invented in the 1700’s
An astronomical object is viewed through the telescope & its angular distance above the horizon is read off the scale. The data is then used to calculate the viewer's position.

19. New Weapons Technology

20. A Ship’s Rations
A 17th Century sailing vessel with 190 sailors, would normally bring the following food items for a three-month trip:
8,000 pounds of salt beef
2,800 pounds of salt pork
600 pounds of salt cod
A few beef tongues
15,000 brown biscuits, 5,000 white biscuits
30 bushels of oatmeal
40 bushels of dried peas
1 ½ bushels of dried mustard seed
1 barrel of salt
1 barrel of flour
11 small wooden casks of butter
1 large cask of vinegar
10,500 gallons of beer
3,500 gallons of water
2 large casks of cider

21. Sailors were often at sea 6 months or more.
Meat was salted to preserve it.
Biscuits, also called hardtack were a hard bread baked to remove all moisture.
Water went bad in a few weeks, but beer & wine lasted much longer. Sailors received daily rations of each.
How do you think sailors could replenish their supplies of food & water DURING their journey?

22. Pair Share
Turn to your shoulder partner and share your thoughts to this question.
Jot down some common ideas on your notes sheet in the blank lines provided.

23. Bell Work 12-1-16 Get out your notes packet from yesterday.
Discuss these questions with your table:
What new technology made exploration possible? How did it help?
What was the original motivation (reason) for wanting to explore?

24. What dangers did sailors face on such long journeys?

25. Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry, the son of Portugal’s king, supports exploration
In 1419, he founds navigation school on coast of Portugal

26. Prince Henry the Navigator
To bring Portugal more trade & power & to spread Christianity, Prince Henry sponsored expeditions beyond the safety of the Mediterranean.
In other words, he encouraged Portuguese sailors to find a water route around Africa!

27. Beyond Darkest Africa
The Portuguese yearned to find a sea route to India to thwart Arab & Italian“middlemen” who controlled the trade routes, keeping prices of pepper and other spices high by keeping supplies low.

28. Portuguese explorers would sail south along the west coast of Africa
Portuguese explorers would sail south along the west coast of Africa. When they could go on no longer, because of lack of supplies or fear, they would leave a marker on the beach so the next explorers would know they needed to travel farther to reach uncharted areas, and hopefully find the termination of Africa, so they could turn their ships East to Asia!
By 1460, Portuguese had trading posts along the west coast of Africa

29. Bartolomeu Dias (Bartholomew Diaz)
Portuguese sailor, discovered the southern tip of Africa in 1488

30. Bartholomeu Dias
A fierce, 13 day storm blew his ship off course rounding the tip of Africa. He only realized how far he had gone when the skies cleared.
He considered sailing to India but with a tired crew & low supplies he returned to Portugal with the news that a northern route to India was possible.
Why do you think the cape he rounded (though he only saw it on his way back) was named “The Cape of Good Hope”?

31. He originally named the Cape of Good Hope the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas).
It was later renamed by King John II of Portugal as the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because of the opening of a route to the east.

32. Vasco da Gama
A Portuguese explorer who was the first to travel to India & back by sea ( ).
In his first voyage, da Gama managed to reach Calicut in India (his goal) and sail home. (27,000 mile trip!)
The ruler of Calicut, (Samuri or Zamorin) welcomed da Gama: “The devil take ye!” and was scornful da Gama had not brought valuable presents.

34. Vasco da Gama & his crew were amazed by the spices, rare silks, and precious gems that filled Calicut’s shops.
They filled their ships with spices like pepper & cinnamon and returned to Portugal in 1499.
Their cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage!

35. Da Gama’s Second Trip
Da Gama left better prepared the second time, with 20 well armed ships instead of four. Priests and religious processions sent him off with blessings. But he didn’t bring gifts:
He demanded surrender of all valuables from a ship filled with 380 Muslim pilgrims. When they delayed he took the valuables—22,000 ducats worth—then burned the ship and everyone on it.
At Calicut, he seized fishermen and traders in the harbor, hanged them, cut up their bodies, and sent the hands, feet, and heads to the haughty ruler of Calicut. Who then agreed to sign a treaty allowing the Portuguese trading rights. Da Gama left 5 ships of soldiers to secure the trading city & returned triumphantly to Portugal.

36. Vasco de Gama
Bartolomeu Dias

37. By sea from India to Portugal (Vasco de Gama)
Old Trade Route
Over land from Asia to Italy
New Trade Route
By sea from India to Portugal
(Vasco de Gama)

38. Summary Time
The back pages of your notes are questions from today’s notes.
Answer the questions individually using your notes.
These will be checked for completion tomorrow.