1. Sample Exam ? POP. GROWTH CH 14 See Lectures on Sept 18 + 25
A moth species breeds in late summer and leaves only eggs to survive the winter. The adult dies after laying eggs. One local population of the moth increased from 5000 to 6000 in one year.
Does this species have overlapping generations? Explain.
What is  for this population? Show calculations.
Predict the population size after 3 yrs. Show calculations.
What is one assumption you make in predicting the future population size?

2. Sample Exam ? POP. GROWTH CH 14 See Lectures on Sept 18 + 25
Review HW 9 = Pop. Growth Problem Set 1 (see website for answers)
Complete Pop. Growth Problem Set 2
(see lab manual pg )
Problem 1 is in previous slide…
We did problems in lecture.
Do Problem 2 as a way to review Life Tables.
Do Problem 4 to learn how to project population size in the future and to determine whether the population’s age distribution is becoming stable through time. See pg Tables/Figures.

3. Sample ?s - Human Pop Growth + Ecological Footprint
See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic

4. Sample ?s Conservation Biology
See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic

5. Sample exam ? HERBIVORY CH 17
Contrast the main difference in these types of plant chemical defenses:
A. Constitutive B. Inducible
Relative to a constitutive defense, how does an inducible defense benefit the plant?
What is one potential negative aspect of an inducible defense?

6. Question cont.
Showshoe hares eat young shoots of trees in winter. Ecologists found that trees with a high % shoots eaten in Year 1 had a high concentration of chemical defense in Year 2.
The question is: Did herbivory in Yr 1 CAUSE the high defense in yr 2?
Develop an “if…then” that addresses this observation.
Complete a figure to illustrate the expected results that would support your hypothesis. Label axes.
C. What is a key assumption underlying your hypothesis?

7. Sample Exam ? PREDATION CH 18
Birds, especially warblers, are primary predators of the insect spruce budworm, an invading pest of boreal forests. The ability of the predators to control these prey during a huge outbreak of the budworm was monitored.
Warblers showed a Type II functional response to increasing prey density. Illustrate this response in Fig. A. Explain the shape of the predator’s response.
2) Warblers also show a numerical response to increasing prey density. Illustrate this response in Fig. B.

8. Which type of response, functional or numerical, is made by individual warblers?
Fig. C shows the population response of the warblers to increasing prey density. Were the predators able to control these prey? Explain.
(On all three figures, the x axis label is:
No. of insects/0.9m2 leaves
Fig. A: y axis = No. of insects/stomach
Fig B: y axis = No. nesting pairs/100 acres
Fig C: y axis = Mortality due to predators (%).
The curve in Fig. C goes sharply up at low density and slowly falls as density increases.

9. Sample exam ? COMPETITION CH 19
The figure below illustrates the distribution of two species of buttercups along a transect across ridge (high land) and furrow (low valley) grassland.
In one sentence summarize the results.
Provide two alternative hypotheses (If…then) for the observed pattern.
Draw or describe one complete experiment that would test both hypotheses.
What specific results from the experiment would provide support for your hypothesis 1 above?

10. Sp 1 peaks on furrow (F) and is low on ridge (R)
Figure for preceding ?
Sp 1 peaks on furrow (F) and is low on ridge (R)
Sp 2 peaks on ridge (R)
Is low on furrow (F)
No. of
plants
F R F R F R F
Distance along transcect (m)

11. Exam question: MUTUALISMS CH 20 Acacia trees have a mutualistic relationship with ants. 1. Develop an “if…then…” relating to the benefit of the mutualism to the plant. 2. Does the existence of the mutually beneficial traits in this mutualism confirm this relationship as an example of cfoevoltuion? Explain, including what is the best evidence of coevolution. 3. Not all species of acacia form a mutualism with ants. In a setting where herbivore pressure is low, why might the mutualism not have arisen? 4. In some areas where herbivore pressure is high, the mutualism with ants has not arisen. Predict two alternative anti-herbivore defenses these acacias may be using.

12. Sample ?s Invasion Ecology
See Study Guide on main website
under this lecture topic