1. Lenin to Stalin
Ms. Burke
March 15, 2006

2. Bolsheviks in Power
Lenin orders all farmland to be distributed among the peasants and gave control of the factories to the workers

3. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Bolsheviks sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
Russia had to surrender a large chunk of territory to Germany
The land contained a large portion of Russia’s population and industry.
The terms of the treaty caused widespread anger

4. Civil War The Bolshevik opponents form the White Army
Leon Trotsky commanded the Bolshevik Red Army
Around 15 million Russians died in the civil war from
The Red Army won

5. Lenin’s Economic Reforms
War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy
Lenin launched the New Economic Policy or NEP
Lenin put aside his idea for a state-controlled economy and resorted to a small scale version of capitalism.
The government still kept control of major industries and banks

6. Lenin’s Political Reforms
Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the central gov’t
The country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist Party
They created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles, but the Communist part had total control

7. v.
Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism
Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia first
Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own party

8. Stalin v. Trotsky cont…
Trotsky was stripped of party membership and fled into exile in 1929
He was later murdered in Mexico by an agent working for Stalin

9. Stalin becomes Dictator
Stalin was cold, hard and impersonal
After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on Russia’s development
He used the phrase “socialism in one country” to describe his aims of perfecting a Communist state

10. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
Stalin transformed Russia into a Totalitarian state
Totalitarianism described a gov’t that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life
Totalitarian leaders appear to provide a sense of security and give direction for the future

11. Stalin’s Economic Reforms
Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of free enterprise and state control
Stalin’s economic policy called for total state control
He called for a command economy, which is a system where the government makes all economic decisions

12. USSR’s Industrial Revolution
In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1st of many five-year plans for development of the USSR’s economy
The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity

13. USSR’s Industrial Revolution cont…
To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the gov’t limited consumer production
People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other goods
The gov’t controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives
From , industrial production increased by 25%

14. Agricultural Revolution
In 1925, the gov’t seized 25 million privately owned farms
The gov’t combined them into collective farms
Peasants resisted the gov’t and Stalin used terror and violence to force the peasants to work

15. Agricultural Revolution
The kulaks, a wealthy class of peasants, resisted heavily and the gov’t executed them or sent them into exile
By 1938, more then 90% of peasants lived on collective farms and agricultural production was twice what it had been in 1928

16. Weapons of Totalitarianism
Police Terror
Dictators of totalitarian states uses terror and violence to force obedience
Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers
Lavrent Beria
(right): head of secret police

17. Weapons of Totalitarianism
In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror that was directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power
When the Great Purge ended in 1939, Stalin gained total control of both the Soviet government and the Communist Party

19. Weapons of Totalitarianism
2) Indoctrination and Propaganda
Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or instruction on the govt’s set of beliefs, to mold people’s minds
Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communism
The State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party members

20. Weapons of Totalitarianism
Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin
Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of life

21. Weapons of Totalitarianism
3) Censorship
Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity
Gov’t controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of information

22. Weapons of Totalitarianism
4) Religious Persecution
Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism
The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution
Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

23. Daily Life for Women Under Stalin
With the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, women won equal rights
Women had new educational opportunities, but were still responsible for their household duties
Women were supposed to provide the state with future generations of obedient citizens

24. Education
The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university
School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party
They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols