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2. Standardized Test Prep Image and Math Focus Bank
Resources
Chapter Presentation
Bellringers
Transparencies
Standardized Test Prep
Image and Math Focus Bank
CNN Videos
Visual Concepts

3. Chapter 22 Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Body Organization and Structure
Table of Contents
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Section 3 The Muscular System
Section 4 The Integumentary System
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4. Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Bellringer
Match the body system in the first column with the correct function in the second column:
1. respiratory system a. regulates body functions
2. muscular system b. breaks down food
3. digestive system c. pumps blood
4. circulatory system d. absorbs oxygen
5. endocrine system e. moves bones
Record your answers in your science journal.
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5. Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Objectives
Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems are related.
List 12 organ systems.
Identify how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.

6. Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Cells, Tissues, and Organs
The many kinds of cells in your body help your internal environment stay stable.
The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment is called homeostasis.

7. Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued
Cells Form Tissues A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue.

8. Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued
Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working together to carry out a specialized function form an organ.

9. Chapter 22 Working Together
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22
Working Together
Organs Form Systems Organs that work together make up an organ system.
Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
Your body has 12 major organ systems.

10. Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22

11. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Bellringer
Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their “skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Can you think of a human invention that is similar to an external skeleton?
Record your answer in your science journal.

12. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Objectives
Identify the major organs of the skeletal system.
Describe four functions of bones.
Describe three types of joints.
List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and joints.

13. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Bones
Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue that holds bonds together make up your skeletal system.
Bone Structure Bone tissue without any visible open spaces is called compact bone. Bone tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow.
Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. Eventually, most cartilage is replaced by bone.

14. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System

15. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Joints
A place where two or more bones meet is called a joint.
Joints are held together by ligaments.

16. Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
Bones may be fractured or broken.
Ligaments can be stretched or torn.
Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to swell or stiffen.
Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense.

17. Chapter 22
Section 3 The Muscular System
Bellringer
List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of water. Do you use any of those same body parts when you eat an apple? Do you use any of those same body parts when you pick up a heavy box?
Record your response in your science journal.

18. Chapter 22 Objectives List three kinds of muscle tissue.
Section 3 The Muscular System
Objectives
List three kinds of muscle tissue.
Describe how skeletal muscles move bones.
Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise.
Describe two muscular system injuries.

19. Chapter 22 Kinds of Muscle
Section 3 The Muscular System
Kinds of Muscle
The muscular system is made up of the muscles that let you move.
Involuntary muscle found in the digestive tract and the walls of the blood vessels is called smooth muscle. Involuntary muscle found in your heart is called cardiac muscle.
Muscle attached to your skeleton for movement is called skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle can be voluntary or involuntary.

20. Chapter 22 Chapter 22 Movement
Section 3 The Muscular System
Section 3 The Muscular System
Movement
Muscles Attach to Bones Tendons are strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscles to your bones.
Muscles Work in Pairs Skeletal muscles often work in pairs. A muscles that bends part of your body is called a flexor. A muscle that straightens part of your body is an extensor.

21. Chapter 22
Chapter 22
Section 3 The Muscular System

22. Muscular Movement and Bones
Chapter 22
Section 3 The Muscular System
Muscular Movement and Bones
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept

23. Chapter 22 Use It or Lose It
Section 3 The Muscular System
Use It or Lose It
Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object to strengthen their skeletal muscles.
Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise, and strengthens the heart and increases endurance.

24. Chapter 22
Section 3 The Muscular System
Muscle Injury
A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn.
People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis.
Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids and can cause long-term health problems.

25. Chapter 22
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Bellringer
List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do humans respond to those same situations? Why do you think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that pant?
Write your responses in your science journal.

26. Chapter 22 Objectives List four functions of skin.
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Objectives
List four functions of skin.
Describe the two layers of skin.
Describe the structure and function of hair and nails.
Describe two kinds of damage that can affect skin.

27. Chapter 22 Functions of Skin
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Functions of Skin
Your skin, hair, and nails make up your integumentary system.
Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body.
Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you.
Skin helps regulate your body temperature. Skin also helps get rid of waste chemicals.

28. Chapter 22
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Layers of Skin
Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Most cells in the epidermis are dead.
Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis is the dermis.

29. Chapter 22 Chapter 22 Section 4 The Integumentary System
Section 3 The Muscular System

30. Chapter 22
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Hair and Nails
A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals.
A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes.

31. Chapter 22
Section 4 The Integumentary System
Skin Injuries
Skin is often damaged, but fortunately can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer.

32. Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
connective
nervous
homeostasis
organs
epithelial
tissues
organ systems
cells

33. Chapter 22
Concept Map

34. Chapter 22
Concept Map

35. End of Chapter 22 Show Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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36. Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
CNN Videos
Multicultural Connections: African American Burial Ground
Scientists in Action: Force in the Circus
Scientists in Action: Skull Sculptor
Science, Technology, and Society: Manufactured Body Parts

37. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
Reading
Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

38. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 1 Sometimes, doctors perform a skin graft to transfer some of a person’s healthy skin to an area where skin has been damaged. Doctors perform skin grafts because skin is often the best “bandage” for a wound. Like cloth or plastic bandages, skin protects the wound. Skin allows the wound to breathe. Unlike cloth or plastic bandages, skin can regenerate itself as it covers a wound. But sometimes a person’s skin is so severely damaged (by burns, for example) that the person doesn’t have enough skin to spare.

39. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Based on the passage, what can skin do that manufactured bandages can’t do?
A Skin can protect a wound.
B Skin can stop more skin from being damaged.
C Skin can regenerate itself.
D Skin can prevent burns.

40. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Based on the passage, what can skin do that manufactured bandages can’t do?
A Skin can protect a wound.
B Skin can stop more skin from being damaged.
C Skin can regenerate itself.
D Skin can prevent burns.

41. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. In the passage, what does the term skin graft most likely mean?
F a piece of skin transplanted from one part of the body to another
G a piece of skin made of plastic
H a piece of damaged skin that has been removed from the body
I burned skin

42. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. In the passage, what does the term skin graft most likely mean?
F a piece of skin transplanted from one part of the body to another
G a piece of skin made of plastic
H a piece of damaged skin that has been removed from the body
I burned skin

43. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Based on the passage, why might a severe burn victim not receive a skin graft?
A Manufactured bandages are better.
B He or she doesn’t have enough healthy skin.
C There isn’t enough damaged skin to repair.
D Skin is the best bandage for a wound.

44. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Based on the passage, why might a severe burn victim not receive a skin graft?
A Manufactured bandages are better.
B He or she doesn’t have enough healthy skin.
C There isn’t enough damaged skin to repair.
D Skin is the best bandage for a wound.

45. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 2 Making sure that your body maintains homeostasis is not an easy task. The task is difficult because your internal environment is always changing. Your body must do many different jobs to maintain homeostasis. Each cell in your body has a specific job in maintaining homeostasis.
Continued on the next slide

46. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 2, continued Your cells are organized into groups. A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue—epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. These tissues work together to form organs, which help maintain homeostasis.

47. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about tissues is true?
A Tissues do not help maintain homeostasis.
B Tissues form organ systems.
C Tissues are changing because the body’s internal environment is always changing.
D There are four kinds of tissue.

48. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about tissues is true?
A Tissues do not help maintain homeostasis.
B Tissues form organ systems.
C Tissues are changing because the body’s internal environment is always changing.
D There are four kinds of tissue.

49. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about homeostasis is true?
F It is easy for the body to maintain homeostasis.
G The body must do different jobs to maintain homeostasis.
H Your internal environment rarely changes.
I Organs and organ systems do not help maintain homeostasis.

50. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about homeostasis is true?
F It is easy for the body to maintain homeostasis.
G The body must do different jobs to maintain homeostasis.
H Your internal environment rarely changes.
I Organs and organ systems do not help maintain homeostasis.

51. Chapter 22 3. Which of the following statements about cells is false?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements about cells is false?
A Cells are organized into different groups.
B Cells form tissues.
C Cells work together.
D Cells don’t maintain homeostasis.

52. Chapter 22 3. Which of the following statements about cells is false?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements about cells is false?
A Cells are organized into different groups.
B Cells form tissues.
C Cells work together.
D Cells don’t maintain homeostasis.

53. Interpreting Graphics
Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The line graph below shows hair growth over time. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow.

54. Chapter 22 1. How long was the hair on day 60? A 20.0 cm B 21.0 cm
Standardized Test Preparation
1. How long was the hair on day 60?
A 20.0 cm
B 21.0 cm
C 22.5 cm
D 23.0 cm

55. Chapter 22 1. How long was the hair on day 60? A 20.0 cm B 21.0 cm
Standardized Test Preparation
1. How long was the hair on day 60?
A 20.0 cm
B 21.0 cm
C 22.5 cm
D 23.0 cm

56. Chapter 22 2. On which day was hair length 23 cm? F day 60 G day 90
Standardized Test Preparation
2. On which day was hair length 23 cm?
F day 60
G day 90
H day 120
I day 150

57. Chapter 22 2. On which day was hair length 23 cm? F day 60 G day 90
Standardized Test Preparation
2. On which day was hair length 23 cm?
F day 60
G day 90
H day 120
I day 150

58. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. From day 0 to day 150, what is the average amount that hair grows every 30 days?
A 0.5 cm
B 1.2 cm
C 1.5 cm
D 2.0 cm

59. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. From day 0 to day 150, what is the average amount that hair grows every 30 days?
A 0.5 cm
B 1.2 cm
C 1.5 cm
D 2.0 cm

60. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Based on the average amount of hair growth per 30-day period, how long would it take the hair to grow another 3.6 cm?
F 30 days
G 60 days
H 90 days
I 120 days

61. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Based on the average amount of hair growth per 30-day period, how long would it take the hair to grow another 3.6 cm?
F 30 days
G 60 days
H 90 days
I 120 days

62. Chapter 22 Math Read each question, and choose the best answer.
Standardized Test Preparation
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.

63. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. About 40% of a person’s mass is muscle tissue. If Max has a mass of 40 kg, about how much muscle tissue does he have?
A 16 kg
B 20 kg
C 24 kg
D 30 kg

64. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
1. About 40% of a person’s mass is muscle tissue. If Max has a mass of 40 kg, about how much muscle tissue does he have?
A 16 kg
B 20 kg
C 24 kg
D 30 kg

65. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. When running, an adult inhales about 72 L of air per minute. That amount is 12 times the amount that an adult needs while resting. How much air does an adult inhale while resting?
F 6 L/min
G 12 L/min
H 60 L/min
I 64 L/min

66. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
2. When running, an adult inhales about 72 L of air per minute. That amount is 12 times the amount that an adult needs while resting. How much air does an adult inhale while resting?
F 6 L/min
G 12 L/min
H 60 L/min
I 64 L/min

67. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Maggie likes to do bench presses, a resistance exercise. She bench presses 10 kg. If Maggie added 2 kg every 2 weeks, how long would it take her to reach 20 kg?
A 4 weeks
B 5 weeks
C 10 weeks
D 12 weeks

68. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Maggie likes to do bench presses, a resistance exercise. She bench presses 10 kg. If Maggie added 2 kg every 2 weeks, how long would it take her to reach 20 kg?
A 4 weeks
B 5 weeks
C 10 weeks
D 12 weeks

69. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
4. A box of 25 bandages costs $4.00. A roll of tape costs $1.50. Troy needs 125 bandages and 3 rolls of tape for a first-aid kit. Which of the following equations shows the cost of first-aid supplies, x?
F x  (125  4.00)  (3  1.50)
G x  (25  4.00)  (3  1.50)
H x  [(25  4.00)  125]  (3  1.50)
I x  [(125  25)  4.00]  (3  1.50)

70. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
4. A box of 25 bandages costs $4.00. A roll of tape costs $1.50. Troy needs 125 bandages and 3 rolls of tape for a first-aid kit. Which of the following equations shows the cost of first-aid supplies, x?
F x  (125  4.00)  (3  1.50)
G x  (25  4.00)  (3  1.50)
H x  [(25  4.00)  125]  (3  1.50)
I x  [(125  25)  4.00]  (3  1.50)

71. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
5. Stephen wants to run a 10 K race. Right now, he can run 5K. What is the percentage increase from 5K to 10 K?
A 50%
B 100%
C 200%
D 500%

72. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
5. Stephen wants to run a 10 K race. Right now, he can run 5K. What is the percentage increase from 5K to 10 K?
A 50%
B 100%
C 200%
D 500%

73. Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22

74. Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Chapter 22

75. Chapter 22
Section 2 The Skeletal System

76. Chapter 22
Section 4 The Integumentary System

77. Chapter 22
Standardized Test Preparation
The line graph below shows hair growth over time. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow.