1. African Civilization
and Culture
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2. African Civilization and Culture:
Influenced by trade, technology and religion
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3. Label on Africa Map Med. Sea Ethiopian Highlands Red Sea Madagascar
Atlantic Ocean Sahara Desert – outline, lightly shade
Indian Ocean Sahel – “Coastline”
Nile River Equator
Niger R. Arabian Peninsula
Zambezi R. Europe
Limpopo R. Asia
Congo R.
- Kingdom of Aksum
- Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay
- Zimbabwe

4. Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Spread of Islam
Trans-Saharan trade allowed for spread of Islam to sub-Saharan Africa.
Importance of Family
Extended Family = Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins
Clan = All sharing common ancestors
Trade
Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa.
Traditional Religion
Many believed in one creator, along with
Animism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces
Sub-Saharan Africa
Region of Africa below/south of Sahara Desert
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5. Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700 Location Trade King Ezana Decline
Near Ethiopian highlands, Nile river& Red Sea
- Terrace agriculture
Trade
Major trade kingdom between Rome & India
King Ezana
King of Aksum – Expanded territory, & adopted Christianity
Decline
Aksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion
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6. Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500
Bantu = language family
1st Bantu-speaking lived in West Africa
They migrated to South & East Africa
Reasons for migrations
Desertification – drying of land
Slash & burn farming depleted soil.
overpopulation

7. West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in West Africa
Salt Mines
Sahara Desert
Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items =
Gold and Salt!
GMS
Gold Mines
City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a
large university
Mansa Musa
Great Mali King
Famous pilgrimage to Mecca
Islam eventually becomes religion of west African kingdoms.
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8. Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast.
Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers
Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities
Capital city = Great Zimbabwe – center of wealth and prosperity in Southeast Africa
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10. Major African Language Families

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12. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

13. Sub-Saharan
Africa
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14. Africa 500 B.C. – 1500A.D. Spread of Islam Importance of Family Trade
Traditional Religion
Sub-Saharan Africa

15. Africa Quiz
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Word Bank Monotheism Ezana slash & burn
Cyrus terrace animism
Mansa Musa Hajj Christianity
Judaism Islam Inter-Africa
Sub-Saharan Trans-Saharan
Match these kingdoms with their locations on the map.
1.____ Aksum
2.____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai
3.____ Zimbabwe
4.Which religion did the Kingdom
of Aksum adopt? _________________
Aksum is located between which two trade regions? _____________________
Aksum was displaced by the spread of ____________ along the east coast of Africa.
Who was the most famous king of Aksum? ________________________
What farming method did the use to adapt to the landscape? ______________
Who was the most famous king of Mali? _________________________________
For which trip is he best known? _________________________________
11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on which two main trade items.
_____________ & ______________
12. Which of the following cities was known for its major university and being a center of Islamic scholarship?
Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk
13. The region of Africa south of the Sahara desert?
_____________________________
14. Which trade kingdom was located on the southeast coast of Africa? _______________
15. What is the type of religion that believes in spirits in animals, plants, & natural forces? __________________
16. Trade across the Sahara Desert is called __________________ Trade. C B A
17. _____ Sahara Desert 21. _____ Limpopo River 25. _____ Arabian Peninsula
18. _____ Niger River 22. _____ Red Sea 26. _____ Madagascar
19. _____ Congo River 23. _____ Nile River 27. _____ Sahel (Label on map)
20. _____ Zambezi River 24. _____ Mediterranean Sea

16. Africa Quiz
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.
Word Bank Monotheism Ezana slash & burn
Cyrus terrace animism
Mansa Musa Hajj Christianity
Judaism Islam Inter-Africa
Sub-Saharan Trans-Saharan
Match these kingdoms with their locations on the map.
1. ____ Aksum
2. ____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai
3. ____ Zimbabwe
4. Which religion did the Kingdom
of Aksum adopt? _________________
Aksum is located between which two trade regions? _____________________
Aksum was displaced by the spread of ____________ along the east coast of Africa.
Who was the most famous king of Aksum? ________________________
What farming method did the use to adapt to the landscape? ______________
Who was the most famous king of Mali? _________________________________
For which trip is he best known? _________________________________
11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on which two main trade items.
_____________ & ______________
12. Which of the following cities was known for its major university and being a center of Islamic scholarship?
Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk
13. The region of Africa south of the Sahara desert?
_____________________________
14. Which trade kingdom was located on the southeast coast of Africa? _______________
15. What is the type of religion that believes in spirits in animals, plants, & natural forces? __________________
16. Trade across the Sahara Desert is called __________________ Trade.
17. _____ Sahara Desert 21. _____ Limpopo River 25. _____ Arabian Peninsula
18. _____ Niger River 22. _____ Red Sea 26. _____ Madagascar
19. _____ Congo River 23. _____ Nile River 27. _____ Sahel (Label on map)
20. _____ Zambezi River 24. _____ Mediterranean Sea

17. Africa
500 B.C. – 1500A.D.

18. Kingdom of Aksum – A.D
Location
Trade
King Ezana
Decline

19. Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500
Reasons for migrations

20. West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800-1500

21. Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s

22. Mansa Musa – Great king of Mali; made pilgrimage to Mecca

23. Great Zimbabwe

24. Capital city of Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe
Capital city of Zimbabwe

25. Quick Review Map
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26. Steles of Aksum

27. Terrace Farming

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29. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Through West African Kingdoms
Back to Africa
Back to salt

30. Two Mosques at Timbuktu
Spread of Islam to
Sub-Saharan Africa
Two Mosques at Timbuktu
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31. Remains of great university at Timbuktu
Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, and silver from the country of the white men, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu.
An old West African proverb
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32. Spread of Islam
Throughout Africa
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33. Salt Mines
Gold Mines
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34. Salt Mines
Gold Mines
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35. Sahara Desert World’s largest desert 3.5 million square miles
Next largest = Arabian – 900,000 sq. mi.
Avg. temp = 86 degrees
Hottest months = more the 120’s
Highest recorded = 136 degrees
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37. Africa 500 B.C. – 1500A.D. Trans-Saharan trade Extended Family =
Spread of Islam
Trans-Saharan trade
Importance of Family
Extended Family =
Clan = All sharing common ancestors
Trade
Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa.
Traditional Religion
Many believed in one creator, along with
Animism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces
Sub-Saharan Africa

38. Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast.
Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities
Capital city = Great Zimbabwe –

39. Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700 Location Trade King Ezana Decline
Major trade kingdom between Rome & India
King Ezana
King of Aksum –
Decline
Aksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion

40. Mansa Musa's famous hajj (pilgrimage) placed him in history and in the attention of the entire European and Islamic world. About the time that the Aztecs began building Tenochtitlan, the and the Ottoman Turks began the creation of their empire, Mansa Musa began his obligatory hajj to Mecca in 1324 with an impressive company. In his caravan he brought sixty-thousand people dressed in fine silk and eighty camels carrying two tons of gold. Among this throng Mansa Musa had twelve-thousand servants, five hundred of which carried staffs of gold. If this entourage had not caught the attention of the countries he crossed through, his generous giving would. Wherever he went he gave gold to the needy as given is required by a pillar of Islam. In Cairo he gave so much gold that in Egypt its value did not recover for twelve years.
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41. Aksum connects Rome and India through trade
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42. West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800- 1500
Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in ______
______________________
Salt Mines
Sahara Desert
Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items =
_____________________!
GMS
Gold Mines
City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a
______________________
Mansa Musa
_________________
Famous pilgrimage to ______________
______eventually becomes religion of _____________
______________________
Quick Review Map

43. West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in ______
______________________
Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items =
_____________________!
City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a
______________________
Mansa Musa
_________________
Famous pilgrimage to ______________
______eventually becomes religion of _____________
______________________
Quick Review Map