1. Spanish Missions

2. SPANISH CONTROL OF THE TEXAS BORDERLANDS
To control the Texas borderlands the Spanish built 4 types of settlements:
missions – religious communities
presidios – military bases
towns – small villages with farmers and merchants
ranchos – or ranches

3. Missions
Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States.
The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, and to spread Christianity.
The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply.
Missions included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens.
Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm.

4. Missions
To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions.
Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso.
Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle.

5. Missions

6. Missions

7. New Missions along the Rio Grande
In the late 1600’s, the Spanish began building missions just south of the Rio Grande.
They also built missions among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.
In 1680, a Pueblo leader named Pope led a revolt, or revolution, against the Spanish. This Pueblo Revolt, drove the Spanish out of New Mexico.

8. THE SPANISH ESTABLISHED MISSIONS ALONG THE WESTERN RIO GRANDE
To provide a place to live for settlers fleeing the Pueblo Revolt
To use missions as a base to retake New Mexico
Pueblo Revolt – revolution led by Pueblo leader Popé against the Spanish in New Mexico

9. Missions
In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, near present day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

10. Spanish Settlements on the Frontier
To control the borderlands
Mission System
Goal
Four types of Spanish settlements
Represent
Spanish govern- ment there
Convert American Indians there to Catholicism
Protect Borders
missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

11. THE FRENCH Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade
Establish trade with the Spanish colonies
To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire
Expedition ended in disaster

12. EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EXPEDITION
Gave France a strong claim to Texas
2nd Flag to fly over Texas (French)
Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis
Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land

13. Spanish in East Texas
In 1689, a Spanish governor named Alonso De Leon led another expedition to find Ft. St. Louis.
A Spanish priest named Father Damian Massanet, accompanied him.
In early 1690, these two men, along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas.
In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico.

14. Spanish in East Texas
One of the priests of San Francisco de los Tejas, Father Francisco Hidalgo, wanted to return to East Texas.
Hidalgo decided to ask the French to build a mission.
In 1713, the French sent Louis St. Denis to help Father Hidalgo.
The Spanish arrested them and sent them to Mexico City.
Because St. Denis told the Spanish that he was sent to help Father Hidalgo, the Spanish became nervous and began to make plans to return to East Texas.

15. FAILURE OF FIRST SPANISH MISSIONS IN EAST TEXAS
Location too remote
Floods, droughts, disease
Internal conflicts
Indians not interested in religious instruction

16. Pop Quiz
1. Which of the following is one of the three main goals of the Spanish mission system?
A. Protect Borders
B. Spread Christianity
C. Both A and B
2. The first Spanish mission in Texas was built on this date.
A. 1682
B. 1592
C. 1492
3. This first Spanish mission built in Texas was called.
A. San Antonio de Valero
B. Corpus Christi de la Ysleta
C. San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes
4. The first Spanish mission built in EAST Texas was called.
A. San Antonio de Bexar
C. San Francisco de los Tejas

17. SAN ANTONIO RIVER AREA
Midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement
Mild climate and location by a river
Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements

18. WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS
Led to the Chicken War, which caused Spain to abandon East Texas
Re-established Spanish control of the region
Separated control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas

19. WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS (continued)
Chicken War – conflict between French and Spanish in Texas where the French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes

20. Spanish Return to Texas
France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas
Spain wants to spread Christianity
France wants to trade with the Indians
Spain builds 6 new missions

21. Other missions failed because:
Successful missions:
1. San Antonio
2. Nacogdoches
3. Los Adaes
4. Goliad
Other missions failed because:
1. disease
2. Indian attacks
3. crop failure- hunger

22. Spanish abandon East Texas
War and Expansion
France and Spain at War
Spanish abandon East Texas
Effect
Chicken War (June 1719)
Aguayo Expedition
Spanish
re-occupation of
East Texas
Agreement to
separate control of
French Louisiana
and Spanish Texas
Expansion of
Spanish settlement
(Los Adaes,
La Bahía)

23. Life in Missions

24. MISSIONS Centered around work and worship
Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food
Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult

25. Life in Missions & Presidios
Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby.
Presidios - military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber.
They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building.
The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged.

26. LIFE IN SPANISH SETTLEMENTS
Diverse populations
Consisted of homes, government buildings and stores
Economy based on farming and ranching
Social activities centered around church and family

27. The economy of the settlements was mostly based on farming and ranching.
The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow.
Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling.

28. Mission Government.
The ayuntamiento, governing council, enforced royal and local laws.
The alcalde, served as mayor, sheriff, and judge of small cases.

29. SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS TODAY
Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations
Apparent in music and food
Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers
Some Spanish missions are still active churches.
They laid out the first Texas roads.

30. Life in Spanish Texas Examples of Spanish Influence in Texas routes of
first Texas
roads
Catholic
heritage and
missions
many
Spanish
place-names
Examples of Spanish
Influence in Texas
culture
(architecture,
art, food,
language,
music)
cattle
ranching
traditions and
terms
legal
traditions

33. Unrest and Revolution

34. Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain
As the small colonies grew into towns, the settlers worked together to solve their own problems.
The settlers couldn’t wait for Spain to direct them.
The settlers felt that the king lived too far away to truly understand their needs.

35. In the last decades of the 1700’s Spain became involved in huge problems in Europe.
Conflicts with England and France took up most of Spain’s time and money.

36. How was Spain going to get money to fight the conflicts with England and France?
Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in Texas.
Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate money to pay for European wars.

37. By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied.
Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers.
Colonists wanted to make their own rules.

38. The Enlightenment Movement
People tried to apply reason and science to all aspects of society, including government.
This movement challenged the idea that kings had a God-given right to rule.
A government should support the people’s nature rights and interests. (If a government does not do this, it should be replaced.)

39. Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence
Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor
Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of the Enlightenment.
Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming families for years just north of Mexico City.

40. (liberation – the act of becoming free)
Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was in charge, conditions for these Mexican families would never change.
Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the Mexican people from Spain.
(liberation – the act of becoming free)

41. conspiring – to join in a secret agreement
When the king and queen of Spain heard that Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM.
Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he had three choices:
stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City)
hide out and hope not to get caught
begin a revolution
conspiring – to join in a secret agreement

42. Grito de Dolores Cry of Dolores
call_ind.html
On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a speech titled “Grito de Dolores”. (Remember Dolores was the city he was in, just north of Mexico City.)
In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican citizens to rise up and fight for independence.

43. Father Hidalgo is killed.
On his was to meet up with his supporters, Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and executed.
Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see Mexican independence from Spain, he had a great effect on the future of Mexico and Texas.

44. Spanish Settlement Quiz Matching – Match each term with the correct definition.
1. Mission A. Military Bases 2. Presidio B. Ranch 3. Town C. religious communities 4. Rancho D. small villages with farmers and merchants