1. Establishing Canadian Communities By: Anastasiya and Tetyana
Chapter 7
Establishing Canadian Communities
By: Anastasiya and Tetyana

2. WHAT IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “BLACK CANADIANS” AND “ AFRICAN AMERICAN”
Very few Black Canadians were brought directly from Africa. Most early slaves, refugees and immigrants were from the U.S.
The majority of recent immigrants are from the Caribbean. Antigua, Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados and Belize.
Blacks have come to Canada from several different countries, Black Canadian is the more inclusive and popular name.

3. WHAT IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “BLACK CANADIANS” AND “ AFRICAN AMERICAN”
In the U.S. most Blacks call themselves African American, but in Canada Blacks refer to Black Canadians.
In the U.S. most Blacks were brought directly as slaves from Africa
In the U.S.they prefer to be called African Americans to keep their link to their homeland and heritage alive.

4. Historical population
Black Canadians
Historical population
Year
Pop. ±%
1871
21,500
—    
1881
21,400
−0.5%
1901
17,500
−18.2%
1911
16,900
−3.4%
1921
18,300
+8.3%
1931
19,500
+6.6%
1941
22,200
+13.8%
1951
18,000
−18.9%
1961
32,100
+78.3%
1971
34,400
+7.2%
1981
239,500
+596.2%
1991
504,300
+110.6%
2001
662,200
+31.3%
2011
945,665
+42.8%
Census data[1][5][10]

5. Black Canadians

6. Why did Black Canadians come to Canada?
Black Canadians came to Canada to escape slavery in US.
In 1800s- 1900s some Black Canadians came as free people serving in the French army though some were enslaved or indenture servants.

7. What experiences have shaped the stories of different communities in Canada?
Every year in Toronto, Ontario we have a Carabbien Festival tons of Black Canadians are from the Carrabien it lets Black Canadians/Carribeans a chance to express their culture in Canada.
The festival is from Thursday July28th to Sunday July 31st in 2016.
At the festival you will be able to dance go on Festival Boat Cruises, check out live Soca and Calypso.

8. Facts about black Canadians
About 30% of Black Canadians have Jamaican heritage.
An additional 32% have heritage elsewhere in the Caribbean or Bermuda.
60% of Black Canadians are under the age of 35
57% of Black Canadians live in the province of Ontario.
97% of Black Canadian live in urban areas
Black women in Canada outnumber Black men by 32,000.

9. Chinese Immigrants City Province Chinese Percentage Toronto Ontario
531,635
9.6%
Vancouver
British Columbia
411,470
18.0%
Montreal
Quebec
91,785
2.4%
Calgary
Alberta
75,470
6.3%
Edmonton
60,715
5.3%
Ottawa
42,740
3.5%
Winnipeg
Manitoba
20,410
2.9%
Hamilton
14,785
2.1%
Victoria
14,460
4.3%
Kitchener
14,125
3.0%

10. Chinese Immigrants

11. Why did Chinese immigrants come to Canada?
Chinese people came to Canada because floods and wars in China made it hard for people to grow crops for food, live in safety and peace, or make a living.
During these unstable years farmers were dragged into armies, crops were ruined and bandit gangs raided villages.

12. WAS IT EASY FOR CHINESE PEOPLE TO COME TO CANADA?
No, in 1885 Canadian government imposed a Head Tax on all Chinese immigrants entering Canada.
The Head Tax started out as $50 in 1885, and went up to $500 in It lasted until 1923 – 38 years!
Not all Chinese arrivals had to pay the head tax, however; some were presumed to return to China after from Canada because of their transitory occupation or background.
In 1923 the government intensified its anti-Chinese efforts by making it virtually impossible for Chinese people to immigrate to Canada.

13. WAS IT EASY FOR CHINESE PEOPLE TO COME TO CANADA?
In 1923 the government intensified its anti-Chinese efforts by making it virtually impossible for Chinese people to immigrate to Canada.
The head tax was first levied after the Canadian parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Act of and was meant to discourage Chinese people from entering Canada after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
The tax was abolished by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, which stopped all Chinese immigration except for business people, clergy, educators, students, and other categories.

14. Chinese in Canada today
There are many different languages spoken in China, including Mandarin, Yue, Wu, Minbei, Minnan, Xiang, Gan and Hakka.
The first Chinese immigrants, a group of 50 artisans who accompanied fur trader Captain John Meares, settled in British Columbia as early as  

15. What contributions to Canadian society have Chinese made?
Chinese Canadians are one of the largest ethnic groups in the country. Despite their importance to the Canadian economy, including the historic construction of the CPR many European Canadians were hostile to Chinese immigration, and a prohibitive head tax restricted immigration from 1885 to 1923.

16. What experiences have shaped the stories of different communities in Canada?
Over the years, from the 1700s to 1900s Canada has gone through many “events”, The potato famine, CP railway and the head tax.
All these events affected different communities. Like the population of Quebec probably came from Les Filles du roi. These events make Canada.

17. BIBLIOGHRAPHY www.k12studycanada.org