1. The diversity of organisms in salt and fresh water systems
Topic 3.1
The diversity of organisms in salt and fresh water systems

2. Diversity
Diversity in an ecosystem refers to the variety of different kinds of species living there.
In fresh water like lakes and ponds, there is a lot of diversity
In salt water there is even MORE diversity!
WHY?

3. Why is there more diversity in salt water?
Oceans have more, different types of environments
2/3 of all the major types of organisms in the world live all or part of their lives in salt water

4. What would be the diversity of a pond?1. 2. 3. 4.

5. Lake Lakes have layers or zones
Lots of lakes in Canada freeze over in the winter to the organisms that live there need to learn to cope with VERY cold temperatures

6. Zones of Lakes 1. Upper Zone 2. Middle Zone 3. Lowest zone
From the shore down to where the aquatic plants stop growing
Water lilies, small fish, clams, insects, snails, frogs
2. Middle Zone
Open water that still allows light to penetrate
Some fish, phytoplankton
3. Lowest zone
Sun does not hit this area. (no plants)
Fish live here

7. L A K E Z O N E S

8. Oceans The deepest part of the ocean is 11,000m OCEANS HAVE ZONES TOO!
The deepest lake in the world is in Russia (1,700m)
OCEANS HAVE ZONES TOO!

9. Ocean Zones 1. Intertidal Zone 2. Estuary
Animals and plants live along the shore line and are able to withstand all the waves of the ocean
They also need to learn to live out of the water at low tide.
2. Estuary
Most diverse ecosystem is an estuary
This is the mouth of the rivers before they enter the ocean.
Marshes grow, birds find hiding, plants, insects

10. 3. Continental Shelf 4. The Oceanic Zone
A shelf of land that extends out from the edge of a continent below the oceans surface
The water here is warmer than in the open ocean
Warm water and light make this a very diverse area
4. The Oceanic Zone
Upper Ocean, Middle Ocean and Deeper Ocean

11. O C E A N Z O N E S

12. Adaptations
An adaptation is a physical characteristic or behaviour of a species.
Adaptations increase the species chances of survival

13. Adaptations 1. Temperature 2. Light
Fish that live in cold water can’t survive in warm water and vise versa
Fish that live in the artic have a natural antifreeze to keep from freezing
2. Light
Many organisms in water have adapted to living without light

14. 3. Pressure 4. Salinity 5. Water Movement
Deep ocean organisms must live with the weight of water on top of them (HIGH PRESSURE)
4. Salinity
Did you know that salmon can survive in both fresh and salt water?
5. Water Movement

15. Topic 3.2 – Populations in Fresh and Salt Water

16. Populations
A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a particular area.

17. Changes in Population 1. Seasonal Changes 2. Short-term changes
In Canada, populations grow in the summer months but disappear in the winter
2. Short-term changes
Can be part of a natural event or human activity
Drought (dry up a pond)
3. Long-term changes
Landslides can change the course of a stream
Introducing new species (zebra muscles)

18. Water Quality and Living Things
Topic 3.3
Water Quality and Living Things

19. Changes in Water Quality
Humans and all living things depend on water quality
Some animals, though, can only live if the conditions of water are perfect for them.
Even slight changes in temperature can affect them.

20. Examples Dead Lake Green Slime (Algal Bloom)
There are lakes that are ‘dead’.
This means that nothing lives in them at all
Acid rain from factory pollution causes these lakes to die.
Green Slime (Algal Bloom)
Caused by over fertilization of agricultural fields