1. Reactance Reactance In Phase + _ + + _ _ Voltage Current Voltage
E P G --II--
Reactance
In Phase
Voltage
Current + _
Reactance + _
Voltage
Current + _
Voltage
Current
MALAGA

2. Inductance & Capacitance
E P G --II--
Inductance & Capacitance
There are two kinds of reactance: inductive and capacitive.
Inductive reactance causes
the current to lag the voltage.
Capacitive reactance causes
the current to lead the voltage.
electrons
Magnetic
Field
Current
Voltage
Voltage
Current + + _ _
MALAGA

3. Electric Power ( in phase PF=1) V A =W
E P G --II--
Electric Power
(single phase) P = V x I x PF= Watts
(Three phase) P = x V x I x PF = Watts
( in phase PF=1)
Voltage + V A
Current _
V x A =W
MALAGA

4. E P G --II--
Electric Power + _ + _
MALAGA

5.  Electric Power V A =W Apparent power (KVA) Real power (KW) V x 
E P G --II--
Electric Power V A
V x =W  
Apparent power (KVA)
Real power (KW)
Reactive power (Kvar)
MALAGA

6. Generator & Engine power
E P G --II--
Engine power
Gen power
Pf=0.7
Generator & Engine power
Pf=0.8
Pf=1.0
MALAGA

7. SPEED SPEED Load effects Load Load E P G --II-- MALAGA X X = Y Y Y X

8. 3% Speed droop Speed droop 100% 0% S p e d Horsepower or Load 1545
E P G --II--
Speed droop
3% Speed droop
1545
1500
1522 S p e d
100%
Horsepower or Load 0%
MALAGA

9. Same horsepower , same droop
E P G --II--
Same horsepower , same droop
3% Speed droop
1545
1500 0%
100%
Horsepower or Load S p e d
100%
1522
50%
MALAGA

10. Different horsepower , same droop
E P G --II--
Different horsepower , same droop
3% Speed droop
50% S p e d
1545
1500
1522
100%
100% 0%
Horsepower or Load
MALAGA

11. Same horsepower , different droop
E P G --II--
Same horsepower , different droop
4% droop
1560
100%
3% droop
1545
1500 S p e d
100% 0%
Horsepower or Load
MALAGA

12. Same horsepower , different droop
E P G --II--
Same horsepower , different droop
4% droop
3% droop
1545
1500
1485
100% S p e d
100% 0%
Horsepower or Load
MALAGA

13. What will happen ? 3% droop 0% droop 100% 100% 0% Horsepower or Load S
E P G --II--
What will happen ?
3% droop
0% droop
1545
1500 S p e d
100% 0%
100%
Horsepower or Load
MALAGA

14. Preparing the SPEED for parallel operation in droop situation
E P G --II--
Preparing the SPEED for parallel operation in droop situation
The sets to be paralleled should be operated for at least one hour to ensure stable temperatures while adjustments are made.
Use the same Multimeter for all measurements.
Take care of the speed first?
- Turn Voltage droop and voltage gain to zero position.
- Turn Speed droop to zero position.
- Run engine with no load at high idle (rated speed + droop%).
- Apply full load, adjust for rated speed with the speed.
droop pot.
MALAGA

15. Preparing the VOLTAGE for parallel operation
E P G --II--
Preparing the VOLTAGE for parallel operation
- Run engine with no load at high idle (rated speed + droop%).
- Adjust the system voltage with LEVEL pot.
- Apply full load , verify the speed , adjust the voltage
util it is equal to the no load voltage with the GAIN
pot.
When speed and voltage setting are correct put units in parallel and apply the load.
Check the output current of every generator.
The sum of individual generator amp should not be more then 10% over the load amp.
MALAGA

16. Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
E P G --II--
Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
0% droop
0% droop
Electric governor has the ability to sense the load
and compare it to the load other units carry
MALAGA

17. Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
E P G --II--
Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
Engine
Generator PT CT
Governor L O A D
DC voltage
Parallel
Lines
Load GAIN pot
2301A Woodward
Parallel
Lines
6VDC
Rated speed pot
MALAGA

18. Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
E P G --II--
Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
Engine
Generator PT CT
Governor L O A D
Parallel
Lines
2301A Woodward
Summing
point
6VDC
Engine
Generator CT PT
Governor
2301A Woodward
Summing
point
6VDC
MALAGA

19. Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
E P G --II--
Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
0VDC
6VDC
3VDC
Load 0%
100%
50%
MALAGA

20. Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
E P G --II--
Isochronous ( 0% speed droop )
3VDC 0%
50%
Load
0VDC
6VDC
3VDC 0%
50%
Load
0VDC
6VDC
100%
MALAGA