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Cerebrum The LARGEST part of the brain.
Associated with higher brain function, such as thought and action. The surface of the cerebrum -- the cerebral cortex -- is composed of six thin layers of neurons, which sit on top of a large collection of white matter pathways.
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Cerebrum Divided into four lobes: Frontal Temporal Partial Occipital
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Frontal Lobe Location: The forward most part of the brain (Forehead) anterior to the parietal lobe.
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Functions Important for voluntary movement Planning, Parts of speech,
Emotions, Reasoning Problem solving. Most significant lobe for personality and intelligence (:
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What could go wrong? Strokes result from frontal lobe damage
Concussions Alzheimer's Disease Frontal lobe epilepsy
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Temporal Lobe Location: Side of head above ears, inferior to the frontal and parietal lobe. Split into three gyrus the Superior Temporal Gyrus the Middle Temporal Gyrus and the Inferior Temporal Gyrus.
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Functions Memory Hearing Speech Behavior Vision
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What could go wrong? Difficulty in understanding spoken words (Wernicke's Aphasia) Short-term memory loss. Right lobe damage can cause persistent talking Increased aggressive behavior
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Parietal Lobe Location: Posterior to the Frontal Lobe and Superior to the Temporal Lobe. 2 main sections of the Parietal Lobe Postcentral gyrus: makes up primary somatosensory cortex which is responsible for the sense of touch Posterior Parietal cortex : Divides into 4 sections
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Posterior Parietal Cortex
Divides into 4 parts - All aid in the spacial mapping of an area and distances. Controls eye and hand movement , discovered in the 90’s after the study of monkeys. LIP Lateral Intraparietal VIP Ventral Intraparietal MIP Medial Intraparietal AIP Anterior Intraparietal
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Problems? Lesions on the left Parietal Lobe= Gerstmann's syndrome which causes inability to write, inability to comprehend mathematics Lesions on both hemispheres of the Parietal Lobe, Balint's syndrome, causes inability to recognize spacial surroundings, difficult fixating eyes
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Occipital Lobe Location: Posterior portion of the brain; posterior to the temporal lobe and inferior to the parietal lobe.
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Function - Vision includes: vision perception and color recognition
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Problems Associated With Occipital Lobe
Occipital Lobe Epilepsy Defects in vision Difficulty with locating objects in environment Difficulty with identifying colors Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects Word blindness – (dyslexia)
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Hermann Munk studied the occipital lobe
connected vision with occipital lobe damage to the occipital lobe causes blindness. both eyes connected to left and right hemisphere of brain.
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Fun Facts! The cortex is heavily convoluted, so that if you were to spread it out, it would actually take up about 2 1/2 square feet It includes about 10 billion neurons, with about 50 trillion synapse
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