1. Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition
Chapter 1
Speaking
With
Confidence
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Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe
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“I’ll pay more for a person’s ability to speak and express himself than for any other quality he might possess” Charles M. Schwab
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3. Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment
Achieves desired goals.
Is “advantage” over
competition.
Shows confidence.
Shows conviction.
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Employment
Corporations want
skilled speakers:
to adapt information,
to be organized, and
to keep listeners interested.
Communication: top skill
sought by employers.
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5. Public Speaking Differs From Conversation
Public Speaking is Planned
More practice.
More preparation.
More research.
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Public Speaking is Formal
Less slang & casual language.
More physical distance between
speaker and audience.
More controlled
gestures and
movements.
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Speaker & Audience Roles
Clearly Defined
Expectations
well-established.
Behaviors stable.
Speaker and
audience
follow rules
more.
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8. The Communication Process
Communication as Action
Linear, one-way messages.
Source: encodes message.
Message: what is said & how it is said.
Channel: how message is transmitted.
Receiver: decodes message.
Noise: interferes with message .
Internal.
External.
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9. The Action Model of Communication:
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Communication as Interaction
As message is sent, feedback to
sender is provided by receiver.
Communication happens within a context:
Context: environment/situation in
which speech occurs.
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Communication as Transaction
Communication happens simultaneously.
Sender also receives message.
Receiver also sends message.
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12. The Rich Heritage of Public Speaking
4th Century B.C. – The
“Golden Age” of Rhetoric
Rhetoric: use of words
and symbols to
achieve a goal.
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13. 15th Century – Public speaking used mostly by clergy.
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18th Century –
Public
speaking
used by
American
patriots
to promote
independence.
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19th Century –
Public
speaking
plays
role in
abolition
and
suffrage
movements.
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20th Century –
Television becomes a
force in public speaking.
War & civil rights issues.
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21st Century –
Technology & media
revolutionize how
people communicate.
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18. Public Speaking & Diversity
Different audiences have
different expectations.
Speakers must adapt
to audiences.
Audience-centeredness is key.
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19. Improving Your Confidence
Nervousness is normal.
Public speaking number
one in highest anxiety.
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20. Understand Your Nervousness
Brain triggers body.
Communication apprehension
(CA): fear of speaking.
Styles of CA:
Average: normal heart rate.
Insensitive: lower heart rate.
Inflexible: higher heart rate.
Confrontation: high to normal heart rate.
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Nervousness –
Audience cannot
see nervousness.
Use anxiety to
your advantage.
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Build Your Confidence
Before your speech:
Don’t delay preparing.
Learn as much as you
can about your audience.
Pick a comfortable and
familiar topic.
Rehearse your speech.
Present a structured speech.
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Other advice
Be familiar with introduction and
conclusion.
Simulate actual speech conditions.
Breathe deeply.
Think & act calm.
Picture positive outcomes.
Reassure yourself mentally
(with a pep talk).
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Finally…
During the speech:
Focus on content, not fears.
Look for supportive
audience members.
After the speech:
Reflect on positives.
Seek other speaking
opportunities.
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