1. Chapter 8
Clauses
ZONK!!!

2. ZONK!!!
Define a phrase.

3. phrase
a group of related words that does not have both a subject and a predicate (verb)

4. ZONK!!!
Define a clause.

5. a group of words containing both a subject and a predicate (verb)
clause
a group of words containing both a subject and a predicate (verb)

6. What is the equation that we gave for a clause?
ZONK!!!
What is the equation that we gave for a clause?

7. clause
C= S + V

8. Which of the following groups of words is a clause?
ZONK!!!
Which of the following groups of words is a clause?

9. The father, talking to his son to his son The father was talking to his son talks to his son

10. ZONK!!!
Define an IC.

11. independent clause (IC)
--a group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence
independent
clause (IC)

12. ZONK!!!
Define a DC.

13. --a group of words that. cannot stand alone. because of a
--a group of words that cannot stand alone because of a subordinating word
dependent
clause (DC)

14. For the next several slides…indicate P, IC, or DC for your answer.
ZONK!!!
For the next several slides…indicate P, IC, or DC for your answer.

15. Archaeologists enjoy studying the remains of human cultures.P
Archaeologists enjoy studying the remains of human cultures.

16. Archaeologists study objects.IC
Archaeologists study objects.

17. P
Some of their discoveries have revealed information about early civilizations.

18. DC
Since archaeologists dig in many interesting places, they have uncovered magnificent ruins.

19. DC
Because early civilizations did not keep written records, archaeology provides one of the only sources of information about those societies.

20. Write the subordinating conjunction(s) for the following sentences.
ZONK!!!
Write the subordinating conjunction(s) for the following sentences.

21. 1. Although a person may not be a pilot by profession, he may want a pilot’s license.

22. 2. Some people own small planes because they enjoy flying just for recreation.

23. 3. Even though many people would like a pilot’s license, pilot school takes time and money.

24. 4. A person must enroll in flight school before he can get a license.

25. 5. If you are interested, the basic pilot license is the private pilot’s license.

26. List the four sentence types we have covered.
ZONK!!!
List the four sentence types we have covered.

27. Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

28. Define a simple sentence.
ZONK!!!
Define a simple sentence.

29. simple sentence --consists of one independent clause S=1 IC
--can have compound parts

30. Write an example SIMPLE sentence that has compound parts.
ZONK!!!
Write an example SIMPLE sentence that has compound parts.

31. We picked and ate strawberries.

32. Define a compound sentence.
ZONK!!!
Define a compound sentence.

33. compound sentence
--two or more independent clauses C=2 IC

34. What are the two ways we can connect compound sentences together?
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What are the two ways we can connect compound sentences together?

35. compound sentence
--semicolon (;) or coordinating conjunction and comma

36. List the seven coordinating conjunctions.
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List the seven coordinating conjunctions.

37. compound sentence
-For But
-And Or
-Nor Yet So

38. Define a complex sentence.
ZONK!!!
Define a complex sentence.

39. --one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
complex sentence
--one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
1 IC DC = Cx

40. Define a compound-complex sentence.
ZONK!!!
Define a compound-complex sentence.

41. Compound/Complex
--consists of 2 IC or more DC

42. ZONK!!!
Adj. Clauses often begin with relative pronouns. List the 5 relative pronouns.

43. ZONK!!!
Who
Whom
Whose
Which
That

44. What types of words introduce adv. clauses?
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What types of words introduce adv. clauses?

45. SUBordinating conjunctions
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SUBordinating conjunctions

46. List 5 of the many SUBordinating conjunctions.
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List 5 of the many SUBordinating conjunctions.

47. ZONK!!!
See p. 203

48. Label the following sentences as S, Cd, Cx, or Cd-Cx
ZONK!!!
Label the following sentences as S, Cd, Cx, or Cd-Cx

49. Potters have shaped and. baked clay since civilization
Potters have shaped and baked clay since civilization began several thousand years ago. Cx

50. S
A hobby for many people is photography. LV PN S
8-4

51. TrV S
A person may take pictures for fun, or he may be a professional photographer. DO S LV PN Cd

52. Although a potter may be. an amateur, he can often
Although a potter may be an amateur, he can often sell his pottery at shows and exhibitions. Cx

53. S
TrV IO
Photographs give us pictures of unknown lands, and we can learn about other people in the world. DO
InV S Cd

54. Pottery can be classified by clay mixtures and baking temperatures.

55. A picture by a well-known photographer may seem rather expensive.LV PA S

56. Potters must prepare the. clay, for any bubbles may
Potters must prepare the clay, for any bubbles may cause cracks in the clay. Cd

57. If you do not enjoy pottery, you might enjoy origami.Cx

58. S
A great achievement in photography has been the instant processing of film. LV PN S

59. Origami is the art of folding paper into various shapes.

60. Whenever Derek and Adam play together, they use good teamwork, and both play their best.
compound-complex
SCORE 1 2 1 1 2 1

61. Although with origami the artist uses paper for various shapes, he does not cut, paste or decorate the paper. Cx

62. This art is popular in Japan; the country has much literature on the subject.Cd

63. Pottery can include. valuable works of art, or
Pottery can include valuable works of art, or the pieces may be simple household items. Cd

64. Because many people work on origami, the shapes can be very complex; and they often include many types of animals, flowers, and even humans.
Cd-Cx