1. Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum

2. A Brief History... First described by German pathologist
Theodore Maximilian Bilharz
Bilharz performed autopsies on Egyptian
patients who had died from the disease:
found male & female parasite eggs in the liver
portal system, bladder.
Later seen in Japan, called Katayama fever
Symptoms: rash on legs, fever, diarrhoea, bloody stools  emaciation, edema  death.

3. Schistosoma General character: Morphology Reproduction system
Importance

4. Morphology Size: - Female 12 to 26 mm
The three main species infecting humans are
Schistosoma haematobium,
S. japonicum
, and S. mansoni. 
Two other species, more localized geographically, are S. mekongi and S. intercalatum

6. Adult an larve of Sch.
Schistosomulum

7. Geographic Distribution
Schistosoma mansoni is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East;
S. haematobium in Africa and the Middle East; and
S. japonicum in the Far East.
Schistosoma mekongi and S. intercalatum are found focally in Southeast Asia and central West Africa, respectively.

9. Life Cycle

10. Schistosoma spp.: miracidium

11. Schistosoma spp. cercariae are the infective forms
Schistosoma spp. cercariae are the infective forms. After encountering the skin, the cercariae penetrate and lose the tail transforming into schistosomulae

13. S. haematobium
Biomphalaria

14. S. mansoni
Oncomelania

15. Miracidium & Cercaria

16. Liver worm

17. Schistosoma egg JK Sch.mansoni egg Sch. japonicum egg Sch. Haematobium
                              
                           JK
Sch.mansoni egg
Sch. japonicum egg
Sch. Haematobium
egg

18. Epidemiology of Schistomiasis

21. Cercarial Dermatitis

22. Hepatomegaly & splenomegaly

23. Granuloma ( Sch. japonicum egg)

24. Granuloma ( Sch. hematobium egg)

25. Granuloma

26. Laboratory Diagnosis
Microscopic identification of eggs in stool or urine is the most practical method for diagnosis.
Stool examination should be performed when infection with S. mansoni or S. japonicum is suspected,
and urine examination should be performed if S. haematobium is suspected.
Tissue biopsy (rectal biopsy for all species and biopsy of the bladder for S. haematobium) may demonstrate eggs when stool or urine examinations are negative.