1. NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Large Resource Base…..
To be Used in Supplementary or Complementary Models….

2. Why & How Earth is Special in The Universe..
The flow of energy from a source to a sink through an intermediate system orders that system.
Morowitz [1992]

3. Capital Resource ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE FOSSIL FUEL WINDS
WIND ENERGY
CLOUDS
HYDRO ENERGY
VEGETATION
CHEMICAL ENERGY
OCEAN
THERMAL
ENERGY
SOLAR
RADIATION
WAVE
VELOCITY
RAINS
CO2 + H2O
PHTOSYNTHESIS
SOLAR ENERGY
INCOMING
RESOURCE
FOSSIL FUEL
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
FOSSILIZATION
ONE TIME RESOURCE
Capital
Resource

5. Possible Sources For Energy Conversion

6. Thermal Energy

7. SOLAR RADIATION
THERMAL ENERGY
THERMAL
ENERGY
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL

8. MECHANICAL
ENERGY
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
WIND ENERGY
WIND MILL

9. HEAD
HYDRO ENERGY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
VELOCITY

10. FOSSIL FUELS
THERMAL
ENERGY
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL

12. Bio-Power
Direct-fired Systems:The biomass fuel is burned in a boiler to produce high-pressure steam.
The steam is used to produce electricity in steam turbine generators. Biomass boilers are typically MW range.
The energy in biomass is converted to electricity with a efficiency of about 35% -atypical value of a modern coal-fired power plant.
Biomass gasifiers:Operate by heating biomass in an environment where the solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable low calorific gas.
The biogas is then cleaned and filtered to remove problem chemical compounds.
The gas is used in more efficient power generation systems called combined-cycles.
The efficiency of these systems can reach 60%.
Gasification systems may also be coupled with fuel cell systems using a reformer to produce hydrogen and then convert hydrogen gas to electricity (and heat) using an electro-chemical process.

14. Classification of Prime Movers

15. Prime Movers for Thermal ENergy