1. The Treaty of Versailles

2. Fourteen Points Speech
Wilson went before Congress to deliver his Fourteen Points Speech.
Discussed ways to avoid world conflict, establishing new territory boundaries, & formation of a League of Nations.

3. Summary of the 14 Points End to secret treaties. Freedom of the sea.
Free Trade/No tariffs.
Disarmament.

4. More of the 14 Points… Fair settlement of colonial claims.
Recognition of legitimate national aspirations.
Establishment of League of Nations.

5. Peace Conference
Big Four Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando, & Wilson
Worked out the provisions of the treaty WITHOUT representation for the Allied Powers.

6. Britain and France Focused on vengeance – reparations.
No time for idealism and “14 Points”
Didn’t want US to control peace conference b/c of limited involvement in the war.

7. Results of the Treaty Compromise of the 14 points.
9 new nations established

8. Germany’s Losses Arms Land – Poland, Polish corridor, Sudetenland
High reparations – approx. 132 billion marks.
Army – limited to 100,000 men.
Had to accept full blame for the war.

9. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Failed to establish a lasting peace
War Guilt Clause – only Germany was responsible for WWI.
Insulted Germany’s national pride.
Britain and France got German colonies.
Reparations were too high.

10. Senate and the Treaty Three groups within the Senate
Moderates: enter League w/conditions
Irreconcilables: No League
Democratic supporters of Wilson: Yes League
Largest opposition was from Henry Cabot Lodge.

11. Henry Cabot Lodge

12. League of Nations International organization
Members bound to protect one another if attacked
Wilson saw it as “only hope for mankind.”
Worried isolationists

13. Isolationists US should isolate itself from problems in Europe.
Worried about the League: Didn’t-
recognize the Monroe Doctrine
acknowledge member nations had control of domestic affairs
specify if members could withdraw
acknowledge the power of Congress to declare war

14. Last Ditch Effort Wilson tried to rally public support for the League.
Made 35 speeches in 22 days
Collapsed 10/2/1919
Had a stroke
Paralyzed for 2 months

15. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Came up for ratification in 3/1919, failed to pass.
Came up again 3/1920
Failed
Signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921.
Wilson was no longer President.
US never joined the League.