1. Water Resources Chapter 9
Review
2017

2. Multiple Choice Answers to pages 254-255B C E

3. How do dams impact the migration of salmon?

4. How do dams impact the migration of salmon
How do dams impact the migration of salmon? Prevent migration and increase water temperature below the dam.
How can you mitigate these impacts?

5. How can you mitigate these impacts
How can you mitigate these impacts? Install fish ladders, change the flow rate.

6. What is an aquifer?

7. What is an aquifer? An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted

8. Name the two types of aquifers.

9. Name the two types of aquifers. Confined and unconfined.

10. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills?

11. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills? confined

12. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers?

13. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers
What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers? Confined aquifers are surrounded by an impermeable layer of rock or clay.

14. What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A?

15. What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A
What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A? Confined aquifer A A

16. Define “water table”

17. Define “water table” level of fresh water below the surface.

18. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion?

19. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion
Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion? B, it is closer to the ocean A B

20. Which well, A or B or both, have/has a cone of depression?

21. Which well or wells, A or B, has/have a cone of depression. Both
Which well or wells, A or B, has/have a cone of depression? Both. Cone of depression exists when the water table moves further from the surface. A B

22. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers?
Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

23. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers?
Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

24. Locate the Yangtze River, Nile and the Amazon rivers in the map below.

26. State the percent change formula.

27. State the percent change formula.

28. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam?
River Flow B A

29. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam? B is upstream
Flood plain
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

30. How do levees impact the flood plain?
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

31. How do levees impact the flood plain
How do levees impact the flood plain? Prevent nutrient rich waters from reaching the flood plain, may cause downstream flooding.
Flood plain
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

32. Which of the ponds below could be considered eutrophic?

33. Which of the ponds below could be considered eutrophic?

34. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes?

35. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes
How do humans influence the primary production of lakes? Through the introduction of limiting resources through runoff,like nitrogen or phosphates, lakes become more nutrient rich.

36. What is an aqueduct?

37. What is an aqueduct? A system of canals or pipes used to transport fresh water from a location that has lots of water to one that has less water.

38. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment?

39. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment? Estuaries are formed where salt water meets fresh water. Aqueducts remove fresh water from a river and thus make the estuary more saline which reduces the species richness of the estuary.

40. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s?

41. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s
What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s? Rivers that fed the sea have been diverted and as a result the sea has shrunk, become more saline and the surrounding area is prone to dust storms.

42. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water?

43. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water
What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water? Use desalinization

44. Describe 2 forms of desalinization.

45. Describe 2 forms of desalinization. Reverse Osmosis and Distillation

46. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy?
Salt water
Reverse osmosis

47. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy? Distillation
Salt water
Reverse osmosis

48. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary.

49. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary
Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary. Reverse osmosis produces brine. If the brine is dumped into the estuary, the estuary becomes more saline which could reduce the species richness of the estuary.
Reverse osmosis

50. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water?

51. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water? Middle East

52. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water?

53. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water
How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water? 1 billion

54. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture, industry, and by households?

55. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture 70%, industry 20%, and by households 10%?

56. Industrial processes use fresh water
Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water?

57. Industrial processes use fresh water
Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water? Generating electricity

58. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity.

59. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity
Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity. Hydroelectric dams and steam plants

60. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located?

61. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located
Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located? US, China, India

62. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for _______.

63. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for toilet flushing.

64. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient?

65. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient
What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient? Furrow Irrigation

66. Draw a graph that shows the relationship between surface area and size of particle per volume

67. Draw a graph that shows the relationship between surface area and size of particle per volume
big
Surface Area
small
small
big
Size of particle per volume

68. Increasing the cost of water would encourage people to conserve ___________ water.

69. Increasing the cost of water would encourage people to conserve more water.

70. Which has a greater surface area, 3 grams of powdered salt or 3 grams of rock salt?

71. Which has a greater surface area, 3 grams of powdered salt or 3 grams of rock salt? powdered salt

72. What type of pollutants react fastest in the environment, those with small surface area or those with a large surface area?

73. What type of pollutants react fastest in the environment, those with small surface area or those with a large surface area? Large surface areas

74. Calculate the surface area of a cube that is 2 meters tall, 2 meters wide and 2 meters deep.

75. Calculate the surface area of a cube that is 2 meters tall, 2 meters wide and 2 meters deep.
Surface area of a cube is 6a2
6 (2 meters)2 = 24 meters2

76. Calculate the surface area of a rectangular solid that is 4 meters long, 1 meter tall and 2 meters wide.
1 meter
2 meters
4 meters

77. Calculate the surface area of a rectangular solid that is 4 meters long, 1 meter tall and 2 meters wide.
1 meter
2 meters
4 meters
2 surfaces are 1m tall and 4m long (4m X 1m) = 8m2
2 surfaces are 2m wide and 4m long 2(4m X 2m) = 16m2
2 surfaces are 2m wide and 1m tall 2(2m X 1m) = 4m2
8m2 + 16m2 + 4m2 = 28m2

78. As you break the larger cube into smaller cubes, what happens to the surface area of all the pieces?

79. As you break the larger cube into smaller cubes, what happens to the surface area of all the pieces? The surface area increases.

80. What will happen to the water table if water is pumped from an aquifer faster than the aquifer is recharged?

81. What will happen to the water table if water is pumped from an aquifer faster than the aquifer is recharged? The height of the water table will decrease.

82. What is gray water?

83. What is gray water? Water from showers and washing machines that could be used to wash cars or irrigate plants.

84. How many liters of water is required to raise one metric ton of beef?
100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef
1,000 liters = 1 metric ton of water.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kg.

85. How much water is required to raise one metric ton of beef?
100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef
1,000 liters = 1 metric ton of water.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kg.
“enough to float a battleship” 8

86. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)?

87. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)? Much less.

88. Be sure you find out how people in dry climates like Nevada reduce water use according to your text.

89. Dikes in the Netherlands, do they restrain fresh water or salt water?

90. Dikes in the Netherlands, do they restrain fresh water or salt water?

91. Know that countries have international problems created by water diversion projects.

92. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.

93. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.

94. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.
Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher?

95. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.
Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher? NO